Saturday, February 26, 2022

Màu Sắc / Colors

Màu Sắc_Colors





colormap#003366#336699 #3366CC#003399#000099#0000CC#000066#006666#006699#0099CC#0066CC#0033CC#0000FF#3333FF#333399#669999#009999#33CCCC#00CCFF#0099FF#0066FF#3366FF#3333CC#666699#339966#00CC99#00FFCC#00FFFF#33CCFF#3399FF#6699FF#6666FF#6600FF#6600CC#339933#00CC66#00FF99#66FFCC#66FFFF#66CCFF#99CCFF#9999FF#9966FF#9933FF#9900FF#006600#00CC00#00FF00#66FF99#99FFCC#CCFFFF#CCCCFF#CC99FF#CC66FF#CC33FF#CC00FF#9900CC#003300#009933#33CC33#66FF66#99FF99#CCFFCC#FFFFFF#FFCCFF#FF99FF#FF66FF#FF00FF#CC00CC#660066#336600#009900#66FF33#99FF66#CCFF99#FFFFCC#FFCCCC#FF99CC#FF66CC#FF33CC#CC0099#993399#333300#669900#99FF33#CCFF66#FFFF99#FFCC99#FF9999#FF6699#FF3399#CC3399#990099#666633#99CC00#CCFF33#FFFF66#FFCC66#FF9966#FF6666#FF0066#CC6699#993366#999966#CCCC00#FFFF00#FFCC00#FF9933#FF6600#FF5050#CC0066#660033#996633#CC9900#FF9900#CC6600#FF3300#FF0000#CC0000#990033#663300#996600#CC3300#993300#990000#800000#993333




http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_colorpicker.asp








                       
Tìm Màu và Sắc từ Code



http://reseteador.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/arrow-1.gif?w=195&h=79







Get darker/lighter shades of any color 
Chọn độ sáng/tối hơn từ bất kỳ màu nào 



******************************************************

 

Get darker/lighter shades of any color.

 


Darker/lighter shades:Hex values:

 
#000000

 
#1A141A

 
#332933

 
#4C3D4C

 
#665266

 
#806680

 
#997A99

 
#B28FB2

 
#CCA3CC

 
#E6B8E6
 #FFCCFF



#FFD1FF



#FFD6FF



#FFDBFF



#FFE0FF



#FFE6FF



#FFEBFF



#FFF0FF



#FFF5FF



#FFFAFF



#FFFFFF
********************************************

 

Get darker/lighter shades of any color.

Darker/lighter shades:Hex values:
 #000000
 #0A1010
 #132020
 #1C2F30
 #263F40
 #304F50
 #395F60
 #426F70
 #4C7E80
 #568E90
 #5F9EA0
#6FA8AA
#7FB1B3
#8FBBBC
#9FC5C6
#AFCED0
#BFD8D9
#CFE2E2
#DFECEC
#EFF5F6
#FFFFFF
*************************

 

Get darker/lighter shades of any color.

Darker/lighter shades:Hex values:
 #000000
 #00141A
 #002933
 #003D4C
 #005266
 #006680
 #007A99
 #008FB2
 #00A3CC
 #00B8E6
 #00CCFF
#19D1FF
#33D6FF
#4DDBFF
#66E0FF
#80E6FF
#99EBFF
#B2F0FF
#CCF5FF
#E6FAFF
#FFFFFF

 

 

HTML Color Mixer

 

http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_colormixer.asp


   #FFFFCC
   #F7FFCF
   #F0FFD1
   #E8FFD4
   #E0FFD6
   #D9FFD9
   #D1FFDB
   #C9FFDE
   #C2FFE0
   #BAFFE3
   #B2FFE6
   #ABFFE8
   #A3FFEB
   #9CFFED
   #94FFF0
   #8CFFF2
   #85FFF5
   #7DFFF7
   #75FFFA
   #6EFFFC
  #66FFFF

 

*************************************************************************

 

How to use HTML color codes?



With HTML color codes you can set the color of web site background, color of text, cells in tables and much more.

Using HTML color codes for web site background color:

<body style="background:#80BFFF">

Using HTML color codes for setting font/text color:

<span style="color:#80BFFF">

Using HTML color codes for table background color:

<table style="background:#80BFFF">

Using HTML color code for link color:

<a style="color:#80BFFF">

HTML Color Codes Theory

So you are wondering "Does this weird combination of letters and numbers have any meaning?" Well the answer is "Yes" and this is how it goes:)

HTML Codes format:

Each HTML code contains symbol "#" and 6 letters or numbers. These numbers are in hexadecimal numeral system. For example "FF" in hexadecimal represents number 255 in Decimal.

Meaning of symbols:

The first two symbols in HTML color code represents the intensity of red color. 00 is the least and FF is the most intense. The third and fourth represents intensity of green and fifth and sixth represents the intensity of blue. So with combining the intensity of red, green and blue we can mix almost any color that our heart desire;)

Examples:

#FF0000
- With this HTML code we tell browser to show maximum of red and no green and no blue. The result is of course pure red color:     

#00FF00
- This HTML code shows just green and no red and blue. The result is:     

#0000FF
- This HTML code shows just blue and no red and green. The result is:     

#FFFF00
- Combination of red and green color gives us yellow:     

#CCEEFF
- Take some red a bit more of green and maximum of blue to get color of sky:     


     rgb(204, 238, 255)
[font size="5"]
[span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 238, 255);"]
[&_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ ]
[/span]
[/font]

[span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(204, 238, 255);"]         [/span]

Have fun!


*************************************************
Hệ thống số màu của RGB, CMYK, HEX.
Đơn vị màu theo hệ thống HEX được quy định như ba cặp số có hai chữ số, bắt đầu với một dấu #. 


Còn ở cột đơn vị màu theo hệ số RGB thì trong dấu ngoặc đặt sau RGB sẽ ghi mỗi màu từ 0 đến 255. Ta có thể tăng giảm mỗi đơn vị (R, G hay B) từ 0 đến 255.


Tính ra tăng giảm như vậy thì cả thảy ta sẽ nhận được 16 triệu màu khác nhau.


Bảng màu này được sắp xếp theo RGB – CMYK – HEX cho các bạn dễ áp dụng vào các tác phẩm của mình. Chúc các bạn thành công!


HTML-Quelltext:

<table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0">
<tr style="background:#FFFFF4;">
  <td></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:#FFFFEC;">
  <td></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:#FFFFE4;">
  <td></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:#FFFFDD;">
  <td></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:#FFFFD5;">
  <td></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:#FFFFCD;">
  <td></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:#FFFFC5;">
  <td></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:#FFFFBD;">
  <td></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:#FFFFB6;">
  <td></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:#FFFFAE;">
  <td></td>
</tr>
<tr style="background:#FFFFA6;">
  <td></td>
</tr>
</table>






COLOR NAME CODE COLOR
Black #000000 Black
Gray0 #150517Gray0
Gray18 #250517 Gray18
Gray21 #2B1B17 Gray21
Gray23 #302217 Gray23
Gray24 #302226 Gray24
Gray25 #342826 Gray25
Gray26 #34282C Gray26
Gray27 #382D2C Gray27
Gray28 #3b3131 Gray28
Gray29 #3E3535 Gray29
Gray30 #413839 Gray30
Gray31 #41383C Gray31
Gray32 #463E3F Gray32
Gray34 #4A4344 Gray34
Gray35 #4C4646 Gray35
Gray36 #4E4848 Gray36
Gray37 #504A4B Gray37
Gray38 #544E4F Gray38
Gray39 #565051 Gray39
Gray40 #595454 Gray40
Gray41 #5C5858 Gray41
Gray42 #5F5A59 Gray42
Gray43 #625D5D Gray43
Gray44 #646060 Gray44
Gray45 #666362 Gray45
Gray46 #696565 Gray46
Gray47 #6D6968 Gray47
Gray48 #6E6A6B Gray48
Gray49 #726E6D Gray49
Gray50 #747170 Gray50
Gray #736F6E Gray
Slate Gray4 #616D7E Slate Gray4
Slate Gray #657383 Slate Gray
Light Steel Blue4 #646D7E Light Steel Blue4
Light Slate Gray #6D7B8D Light Slate Gray
Cadet Blue4 #4C787E Cadet Blue4
Dark Slate Gray4 #4C7D7E Dark Slate Gray4
Thistle4 #806D7E Thistle4
Medium Slate Blue #5E5A80 Medium Slate Blue
Medium Purple4 #4E387E Medium Purple4
Midnight Blue #151B54 Midnight Blue
Dark Slate Blue #2B3856 Dark Slate Blue
Dark Slate Gray #25383C Dark Slate Gray
Dim Gray #463E41 Dim Gray
Cornflower Blue #151B8D Cornflower Blue
Royal Blue4 #15317E Royal Blue4
Slate Blue4 #342D7E Slate Blue4
Royal Blue #2B60DE Royal Blue
Royal Blue1 #306EFF Royal Blue1
Royal Blue2 #2B65EC Royal Blue2
Royal Blue3 #2554C7 Royal Blue3
Deep Sky Blue #3BB9FF Deep Sky Blue
Deep Sky Blue2 #38ACEC Deep Sky Blue2
Slate Blue #3574EC7 Slate Blue
Deep Sky Blue3 #3090C7 Deep Sky Blue3
Deep Sky Blue4 #25587E Deep Sky Blue4
Dodger Blue #1589FF Dodger Blue
Dodger Blue2 #157DEC Dodger Blue2
Dodger Blue3 #1569C7 Dodger Blue3
Dodger Blue4 #153E7E Dodger Blue4
Steel Blue4 #2B547E Steel Blue4
Steel Blue #4863A0 Steel Blue
Slate Blue2 #6960EC Slate Blue2
Violet #8D38C9 Violet
Medium Purple3 #7A5DC7 Medium Purple3
Medium Purple #8467D7 Medium Purple
Medium Purple2 #9172EC Medium Purple2
Medium Purple1 #9E7BFF Medium Purple1
Light Steel Blue #728FCE Light Steel Blue
Steel Blue3 #488AC7 Steel Blue3
Steel Blue2 #56A5EC Steel Blue2
Steel Blue1 #5CB3FF Steel Blue1
Sky Blue3 #659EC7 Sky Blue3
Sky Blue4 #41627E Sky Blue4
Slate Blue #737CA1 Slate Blue
Slate Blue #737CA1 Slate Blue
Slate Gray3 #98AFC7 Slate Gray3
Violet Red #F6358A Violet Red
Violet Red1 #F6358A Violet Red1
Violet Red2 #E4317F Violet Red2
Deep Pink #F52887 Deep Pink
Deep Pink2 #E4287C Deep Pink2
Deep Pink3 #C12267 Deep Pink3
Deep Pink4 #7D053F Deep Pink4
Medium Violet Red #CA226B Medium Violet Red
Violet Red3 #C12869 Violet Red3
Firebrick #800517 Firebrick
Violet Red4 #7D0541 Violet Red4
Maroon4 #7D0552 Maroon4
Maroon #810541 Maroon
Maroon3 #C12283 Maroon3
Maroon2 #E3319D Maroon2
Maroon1 #F535AA Maroon1
Magenta #FF00FF Magenta
Magenta1 #F433FF Magenta1
Magenta2 #E238EC Magenta2
Magenta3 #C031C7 Magenta3
Medium Orchid #B048B5 Medium Orchid
Medium Orchid1 #D462FF Medium Orchid1
Medium Orchid2 #C45AEC Medium Orchid2
Medium Orchid3 #A74AC7 Medium Orchid3
Medium Orchid4 #6A287E Medium Orchid4
Purple #8E35EF Purple
Purple1 #893BFF Purple1
Purple2 #7F38EC Purple2
Purple3 #6C2DC7 Purple3
Purple4 #461B7E Purple4
Dark Orchid4 #571B7e Dark Orchid4
Dark Orchid #7D1B7E Dark Orchid
Dark Violet #842DCE Dark Violet
Dark Orchid3 #8B31C7 Dark Orchid3
Dark Orchid2 #A23BEC Dark Orchid2
Dark Orchid1 #B041FF Dark Orchid1
Plum4 #7E587E Plum4
Pale Violet Red #D16587 Pale Violet Red
Pale Violet Red1 #F778A1 Pale Violet Red1
Pale Violet Red2 #E56E94 Pale Violet Red2
Pale Violet Red3 #C25A7C Pale Violet Red3
Pale Violet Red4 #7E354D Pale Violet Red4
Plum #B93B8F Plum
Plum1 #F9B7FF Plum1
Plum2 #E6A9EC Plum2
Plum3 #C38EC7 Plum3
Thistle #D2B9D3 Thistle
Thistle3 #C6AEC7 Thistle3
Lavendar Blush2 #EBDDE2 Lavendar Blush2
Lavendar Blush3 #C8BBBE Lavendar Blush3
Thistle2 #E9CFEC Thistle2
Thistle1 #FCDFFF Thistle1
Lavendar #E3E4FA Lavendar
Lavendar Blush #FDEEF4 Lavendar Blush
Light Steel Blue1 #C6DEFF Light Steel Blue1
Light Blue #ADDFFF Light Blue
Light Blue1 #BDEDFF Light Blue1
Light Cyan #E0FFFF Light Cyan
Slate Gray1 #C2DFFF Slate Gray1
Slate Gray2 #B4CFEC Slate Gray2
Light Steel Blue2 #B7CEEC Light Steel Blue2
Turquoise1 #52F3FF Turquoise1
Cyan #00FFFF Cyan
Cyan1 #57FEFF Cyan1
Cyan2 #50EBEC Cyan2
Turquoise2 #4EE2EC Turquoise2
Medium Turquoise #48CCCD Medium Turquoise
Turquoise #43C6DB Turquoise
Dark Slate Gray1 #9AFEFF Dark Slate Gray1
Dark Slate Gray2 #8EEBEC Dark slate Gray2
Dark Slate Gray3 #78c7c7 Dark Slate Gray3
Cyan3 #46C7C7 Cyan3
Turquoise3 #43BFC7 Turquoise3
Cadet Blue3 #77BFC7 Cadet Blue3
Pale Turquoise3 #92C7C7 Pale Turquoise3
Light Blue2 #AFDCEC Light Blue2
Dark Turquoise #3B9C9C Dark Turquoise
Cyan4 #307D7E Cyan4
Light Sea Green #3EA99F Light Sea Green
Light Sky Blue #82CAFA Light Sky Blue
Light Sky Blue2 #A0CFEC Light Sky Blue2
Light Sky Blue3 #87AFC7 Light Sky Blue3
Sky Blue #82CAFF Sky Blue
Sky Blue2 #79BAEC Sky Blue2
Light Sky Blue4 #566D7E Light Sky Blue4
Sky Blue #6698FF Sky Blue
Light Slate Blue #736AFF Light Slate Blue
Light Cyan2 #CFECEC Light Cyan2
Light Cyan3 #AFC7C7 Light Cyan3
Light Cyan4 #717D7D Light Cyan4
Light Blue3 #95B9C7 Light Blue3
Light Blue4 #5E767E Light Blue4
Pale Turquoise4 #5E7D7E Pale Turquoise4
Dark Sea Green4 #617C58 Dark Sea Green4
Medium Aquamarine #348781 Medium Aquamarine
Medium Sea Green #306754 Medium Sea Green
Sea Green #4E8975 Sea Green
Dark Green #254117 Dark Green
Sea Green4 #387C44 Sea Green4
Forest Green #4E9258 Forest Green
Medium Forest Green #347235 Medium Forest Green
Spring Green4 #347C2C Spring Green4
Dark Olive Green4 #667C26 Dark Olive Green4
Chartreuse4 #437C17 Chartreuse4
Green4 #347C17 Green4
Medium Spring Green #348017 Medium Spring Green
Spring Green #4AA02C Spring Green
Lime Green #41A317 Lime Green
Spring Green #4AA02C Spring Green
Dark Sea Green #8BB381 Dark Sea Green
Dark Sea Green3 #99C68E Dark Sea Green3
Green3 #4CC417 Green3
Chartreuse3 #6CC417 Chartreuse3
Yellow Green #52D017 Yellow Green
Spring Green3 #4CC552 Spring Green3
Sea Green3 #54C571 Sea Green3
Spring Green2 #57E964 Spring Green2
Spring Green1 #5EFB6E Spring Green1
Sea Green2 #64E986 Sea Green2
Sea Green1 #6AFB92 Sea Green1
Dark Sea Green2 #B5EAAA Dark Sea Green2
Dark Sea Green1 #C3FDB8 Dark Sea Green1
Green #00FF00 Green
Lawn Green #87F717 Lawn Green
Green1 #5FFB17 Green1
Green2 #59E817 Green2
Chartreuse2 #7FE817 Chartreuse2
Chartreuse #8AFB17 Chartreuse
Green Yellow #B1FB17 Green Yellow
Dark Olive Green1 #CCFB5D Dark Olive Green1
Dark Olive Green2 #BCE954 Dark Olive Green2
Dark Olive Green3 #A0C544 Dark Olive Green3
Yellow #FFFF00 Yellow
Yellow1 #FFFC17 Yellow1
Khaki1 #FFF380 Khaki1
Khaki2 #EDE275 Khaki2
Goldenrod #EDDA74 Goldenrod
Gold2 #EAC117 Gold2
Gold1 #FDD017 Gold1
Goldenrod1 #FBB917 Goldenrod1
Goldenrod2 #E9AB17 Goldenrod2
Gold #D4A017 Gold
Gold3 #C7A317 Gold3
Goldenrod3 #C68E17 Goldenrod3
Dark Goldenrod #AF7817 Dark Goldenrod
Khaki #ADA96E Khaki
Khaki3 #C9BE62 Khaki3
Khaki4 #827839 Khaki4
Dark Goldenrod1 #FBB117 Dark Goldenrod1
Dark Goldenrod2 #E8A317 Dark Goldenrod2
Dark Goldenrod3 #C58917 Dark Goldenrod3
Sienna1 #F87431 Sienna1
Sienna2 #E66C2C Sienna2
Dark Orange #F88017 Dark Orange
Dark Orange1 #F87217 Dark Orange1
Dark Orange2 #E56717 Dark Orange2
Dark Orange3 #C35617 Dark Orange3
Sienna3 #C35817 Sienna3
Sienna #8A4117 Sienna
Sienna4 #7E3517 Sienna4
Indian Red4 #7E2217 Indian Red4
Dark Orange3 #7E3117 Dark Orange3
Salmon4 #7E3817 Salmon4
Dark Goldenrod4 #7F5217 Dark Goldenrod4
Gold4 #806517 Gold4
Goldenrod4 #805817 Goldenrod4
Light Salmon4 #7F462C Light Salmon4
Chocolate #C85A17 Chocolate
Coral3 #C34A2C Coral3
Coral2 #E55B3C Coral2
Coral #F76541 Coral
Dark Salmon #E18B6B Dark Salmon
Salmon1 #F88158 Pale Turquoise4
Salmon2 #E67451 Salmon2
Salmon3 #C36241 Salmon3
Light Salmon3 #C47451 Light Salmon3
Light Salmon2 #E78A61 Light Salmon2
Light Salmon #F9966B Light Salmon
Sandy Brown #EE9A4D Sandy Brown
Hot Pink #F660AB Hot Pink
Hot Pink1 #F665AB Hot Pink1
Hot Pink2 #E45E9D Hot Pink2
Hot Pink3 #C25283 Hot Pink3
Hot Pink4 #7D2252 Hot Pink4
Light Coral #E77471 Light Coral
Indian Red1 #F75D59 Indian Red1
Indian Red2 #E55451 Indian Red2
Indian Red3 #C24641 Indian Red3
Red #FF0000 Red
Red1 #F62217 Red1
Red2 #E41B17 Red2
Firebrick1 #F62817 Firebrick1
Firebrick2 #E42217 Firebrick2
Firebrick3 #C11B17 Firebrick3
Pink #FAAFBE Pink
Rosy Brown1 #FBBBB9 Rosy Brown1
Rosy Brown2 #E8ADAA Rosy Brown2
Pink2 #E7A1B0 Pink2
Light Pink #FAAFBA Light Pink
Light Pink1 #F9A7B0 Light Pink1
Light Pink2 #E799A3 Light Pink2
Pink3 #C48793 Pink3
Rosy Brown3 #C5908E Rosy Brown3
Rosy Brown #B38481 Rosy Brown
Light Pink3 #C48189 Light Pink3
Rosy Brown4 #7F5A58 Rosy Brown4
Light Pink4 #7F4E52 Light Pink4
Pink4 #7F525D Pink4
Lavendar Blush4 #817679 Lavendar Blush4
Light Goldenrod4 #817339 Light Goldenrod4
Lemon Chiffon4 #827B60 Lemon Chiffon4
Lemon Chiffon3 #C9C299 Lemon Chiffon3
Light Goldenrod3 #C8B560 Light Goldenrod3
Light Golden2 #ECD672 Light Golden2
Light Goldenrod #ECD872 Light Goldenrod
Light Goldenrod1 #FFE87C Light Goldenrod1
Lemon Chiffon2 #ECE5B6 Lemon Chiffon2
Lemon Chiffon #FFF8C6 Lemon Chiffon
Light Goldenrod Yellow #FAF8CC Light Goldenrod Yellow


***

 

Convert/Choose HTML Color Code

There are literally thousands of sites from which you can get rgb color values for any color.

You can convert your standard hex value (#ff0000) to rgb at

http://easycalculation.com/color-coder.php

Hexadecimal to RGB color code converter

Convert/Choose HTML Color Code
Insert Hex Color Value
[e.g: 34aa44 ]

#

RGB Equivalent



This is your color





different text colors.

The background color of the table below is: "White", shown together with different text colors.

ColornameHEXRGB
AliceBlueF0F8FF240,248,255
AntiqueWhiteFAEBD7250,235,215
Aqua00FFFF0,255,255
Aquamarine7FFFD4127,255,212
AzureF0FFFF240,255,255
BeigeF5F5DC245,245,220
BisqueFFE4C4255,228,196
Black0000000,0,0
BlanchedAlmondFFEBCD255,235,205
Blue0000FF0,0,255
BlueViolet8A2BE2138,43,226
BrownA52A2A165,42,42
BurlyWoodDEB887222,184,135
CadetBlue5F9EA095,158,160
Chartreuse7FFF00127,255,0
ChocolateD2691E210,105,30
CoralFF7F50255,127,80
CornflowerBlue6495ED100,149,237
CornsilkFFF8DC255,248,220
CrimsonDC143C220,20,60
Cyan00FFFF0,255,255
DarkBlue00008B0,0,139
DarkCyan008B8B0,139,139
DarkGoldenRodB8860B184,134,11
DarkGrayA9A9A9169,169,169
DarkGreyA9A9A9169,169,169
DarkGreen0064000,100,0
DarkKhakiBDB76B189,183,107
DarkMagenta8B008B139,0,139
DarkOliveGreen556B2F85,107,47
DarkorangeFF8C00255,140,0
DarkOrchid9932CC153,50,204
DarkRed8B0000139,0,0
DarkSalmonE9967A233,150,122
DarkSeaGreen8FBC8F143,188,143
DarkSlateBlue483D8B72,61,139
DarkSlateGray2F4F4F47,79,79
DarkSlateGrey2F4F4F47,79,79
DarkTurquoise00CED10,206,209
DarkViolet9400D3148,0,211
DeepPinkFF1493255,20,147
DeepSkyBlue00BFFF0,191,255
DimGray696969105,105,105
DimGrey696969105,105,105
DodgerBlue1E90FF30,144,255
FireBrickB22222178,34,34
FloralWhiteFFFAF0255,250,240
ForestGreen228B2234,139,34
FuchsiaFF00FF255,0,255
GainsboroDCDCDC220,220,220
GhostWhiteF8F8FF248,248,255
GoldFFD700255,215,0
GoldenRodDAA520218,165,32
Gray808080128,128,128
Grey808080128,128,128
Green0080000,128,0
GreenYellowADFF2F173,255,47
HoneyDewF0FFF0240,255,240
HotPinkFF69B4255,105,180
IndianRed CD5C5C205,92,92
Indigo 4B008275,0,130
IvoryFFFFF0255,255,240
KhakiF0E68C240,230,140
LavenderE6E6FA230,230,250
LavenderBlushFFF0F5255,240,245
LawnGreen7CFC00124,252,0
LemonChiffonFFFACD255,250,205
LightBlueADD8E6173,216,230
LightCoralF08080240,128,128
LightCyanE0FFFF224,255,255
LightGoldenRodYellowFAFAD2250,250,210
LightGrayD3D3D3211,211,211
LightGreyD3D3D3211,211,211
LightGreen90EE90144,238,144
LightPinkFFB6C1255,182,193
LightSalmonFFA07A255,160,122
LightSeaGreen20B2AA32,178,170
LightSkyBlue87CEFA135,206,250
LightSlateGray778899119,136,153
LightSlateGrey778899119,136,153
LightSteelBlueB0C4DE176,196,222
LightYellowFFFFE0255,255,224
Lime00FF000,255,0
LimeGreen32CD3250,205,50
LinenFAF0E6250,240,230
MagentaFF00FF255,0,255
Maroon800000128,0,0
MediumAquaMarine66CDAA102,205,170
MediumBlue0000CD0,0,205
MediumOrchidBA55D3186,85,211
MediumPurple9370D8147,112,219
MediumSeaGreen3CB37160,179,113
MediumSlateBlue7B68EE123,104,238
MediumSpringGreen00FA9A0,250,154
MediumTurquoise48D1CC72,209,204
MediumVioletRedC71585199,21,133
MidnightBlue19197025,25,112
MintCreamF5FFFA245,255,250
MistyRoseFFE4E1255,228,225
MoccasinFFE4B5255,228,181
NavajoWhiteFFDEAD255,222,173
Navy0000800,0,128
OldLaceFDF5E6253,245,230
Olive808000128,128,0
OliveDrab6B8E23107,142,35
OrangeFFA500255,165,0
OrangeRedFF4500255,69,0
OrchidDA70D6218,112,214
PaleGoldenRodEEE8AA238,232,170
PaleGreen98FB98152,251,152
PaleTurquoiseAFEEEE175,238,238
PaleVioletRedD87093219,112,147
PapayaWhipFFEFD5255,239,213
PeachPuffFFDAB9255,218,185
PeruCD853F205,133,63
PinkFFC0CB255,192,203
PlumDDA0DD221,160,221
PowderBlueB0E0E6176,224,230
Purple800080128,0,128
RedFF0000255,0,0
RosyBrownBC8F8F188,143,143
RoyalBlue4169E165,105,225
SaddleBrown8B4513139,69,19
SalmonFA8072250,128,114
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SeaGreen2E8B5746,139,87
SeaShellFFF5EE255,245,238
SiennaA0522D160,82,45
SilverC0C0C0192,192,192
SkyBlue87CEEB135,206,235
SlateBlue6A5ACD106,90,205
SlateGray708090112,128,144
SlateGrey708090112,128,144
SnowFFFAFA255,250,250
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TanD2B48C210,180,140
Teal0080800,128,128
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VioletEE82EE238,130,238
WheatF5DEB3245,222,179
WhiteFFFFFF255,255,255
WhiteSmokeF5F5F5245,245,245
YellowFFFF00255,255,0
YellowGreen9ACD32154,205,50


http://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_color_tryit.asp?color=White

 

*********************************
Complete HTML True Color Chart
The background color in each cell is produced by the color code shown.
Black, grays and white are shown in bold red. Primary colors and complements are in BOLD ITALIC.
This site was created by Photius Coutsoukis and it is hosted by ITA. Contact the Webmaster with your comments and suggestions. Printable Version . . . See usage examples below.


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Custom Search
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USAGE EXAMPLES:
<body bgcolor="#003300">
<font color="#003300">

 

 

99a38d
#b7c5a5
rgb(226, 232, 214)


• The Vietnamese language has six different tones (some claim seven). A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. A change in tone is comparable to a change in pitch when asking a question; it can be seen as an interrogation, a sarcastic comment, a rhetorical question, or even an exclamation - all depending on the tone or pitch.




 

hotpink

 



• The Vietnamese language has six different tones (some claim seven). A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. A change in tone is comparable to a change in pitch when asking a question; it can be seen as an interrogation, a sarcastic comment, a rhetorical question, or even an exclamation - all depending on the tone or pitch.




 

 

tan


• The Vietnamese language has six different tones (some claim seven). A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. A change in tone is comparable to a change in pitch when asking a question; it can be seen as an interrogation, a sarcastic comment, a rhetorical question, or even an exclamation - all depending on the tone or pitch.




 

 

steelblue&lightblue&white


• The Vietnamese language has six different tones (some claim seven). A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. A change in tone is comparable to a change in pitch when asking a question; it can be seen as an interrogation, a sarcastic comment, a rhetorical question, or even an exclamation - all depending on the tone or pitch.



 

 

rgb(107, 159, 191)&lightblue&azure

 




• The Vietnamese language has six different tones (some claim seven). A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. A change in tone is comparable to a change in pitch when asking a question; it can be seen as an interrogation, a sarcastic comment, a rhetorical question, or even an exclamation - all depending on the tone or pitch.




 

background-color: darkviolet

 



• The Vietnamese language has six different tones (some claim seven). A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. A change in tone is comparable to a change in pitch when asking a question; it can be seen as an interrogation, a sarcastic comment, a rhetorical question, or even an exclamation - all depending on the tone or pitch.




 

1

 



• The Vietnamese language has six different tones (some claim seven). A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. A change in tone is comparable to a change in pitch when asking a question; it can be seen as an interrogation, a sarcastic comment, a rhetorical question, or even an exclamation - all depending on the tone or pitch.




 

2

 

Six Different Tones

• The Vietnamese language has six different tones (some claim seven). A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. A change in tone is comparable to a change in pitch when asking a question; it can be seen as an interrogation, a sarcastic comment, a rhetorical question, or even an exclamation - all depending on the tone or pitch.

 


***********************

3

 



• The Vietnamese language has six different tones (some claim seven). A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. A change in tone is comparable to a change in pitch when asking a question; it can be seen as an interrogation, a sarcastic comment, a rhetorical question, or even an exclamation - all depending on the tone or pitch.


 


***********************

4

 



• The Vietnamese language has six different tones (some claim seven). A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. A change in tone is comparable to a change in pitch when asking a question; it can be seen as an interrogation, a sarcastic comment, a rhetorical question, or even an exclamation - all depending on the tone or pitch.




 


***********************

5

 



• The Vietnamese language has six different tones (some claim seven). A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. A change in tone is comparable to a change in pitch when asking a question; it can be seen as an interrogation, a sarcastic comment, a rhetorical question, or even an exclamation - all depending on the tone or pitch.




 


***********************

6

 



• The Vietnamese language has six different tones (some claim seven). A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. A change in tone is comparable to a change in pitch when asking a question; it can be seen as an interrogation, a sarcastic comment, a rhetorical question, or even an exclamation - all depending on the tone or pitch.


 


***********************

7

 



• The Vietnamese language has six different tones (some claim seven). A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. A change in tone is comparable to a change in pitch when asking a question; it can be seen as an interrogation, a sarcastic comment, a rhetorical question, or even an exclamation - all depending on the tone or pitch.




 


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8

 



Plagiarism
If you fail to acknowledge borrowed material, then you are plagiarzing.

Plagiarism is literary theft. When you copy the words of another, be sure to put those words inside quotation marks and to acknowledge the source with a footnote.

When you paraphrase the words of another, use your own words and your own sentence structure, and be sure to give a footnote citing the source of the idea. A plagiarist often merely changes a few words or rearranges the words in the source.

As you take notes and as you write your paper, be especially careful to avoid plagiarism.



 

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rgb(231, 206, 255)

 

Six Different Tones

• The Vietnamese language has six different tones (some claim seven). A change in tone changes the meaning of the word. A change in tone is comparable to a change in pitch when asking a question; it can be seen as an interrogation, a sarcastic comment, a rhetorical question, or even an exclamation - all depending on the tone or pitch.




 










Những Kinh Nghiệm Hữu Ích
Cho Đời Sống




Trong một buổi party ngoài trời mọi người đều bị quấy rầy bởi bầy côn trùng nhỏ bay lượn tứ tung, nhưng tới khi có một người lấy thuốc Listerine xịt khắp sân cỏ và bục gỗ thì bọn côn trùng biến đi đâu mất hết. Đến năm sau tôi cũng bắt chước, đổ đầy Listerine vào một bình xịt 4 ounce rồi đem đi xịt quanh ghế chỗ tôi ngồi mỗi khi tôi thấy có muỗi. Và thế là xong, muỗi bay đi hết. Khi tổ chức picnic tôi cũng xịt listerine khắp nơi, quanh bàn bầy thức ăn, xung quanh chỗ trẻ con đánh đu và trên vũng nước tù gần đó. Trong suốt mùa hè tôi chẳng bao giờ rời bình xịt listerine.


Một chai listerine mua có $1.89 tại Target dùng được cả mấy ngày trong khi một lon thuốc xịt bọ đã đắt mà lại chỉ dùng được 30 phút là hết.

Bạn tôi cũng bắt chước làm theo. Anh ta xịt ở sàn gỗ ngoài sân và xung quanh tất cả các cửa ra vào… Anh ta cho biết “Chúng bị chết tức thời! Thật là hiệu nghiệm mà lại rẻ nữa”. Một chai listerine mua có $1.89 tại Target dùng được cả mấy ngày trong khi một lon thuốc xịt bọ đã đắt mà lại chỉ dùng được 30 phút là hết. Bạn tôi chia sẻ kinh nghiệm là khi xịt cửa bằng gỗ (như cửa chính chẳng hạn) thì chỉ nên xịt quanh khung cửa chứ đừng xịt trực tiếp vào cánh cửa. Đối với khung cửa sổ cũng vậy, và cũng nên xịt luôn chuồng chó nữa. (ThiệuVũ)

2- Khi vào xe hơi đừng nên mở máy lạnh ngay



Khi vào xe hơi, trước hết bạn phải quay kiếng xe xuống, chờ vài phút rồi hãy mở máy điều hòa không khí.
Theo nghiên cứu thì dashboard, ghế ngồi và chất làm mát không khí trong xe tỏa ra benzen, một độc tố gây ung thư (hãy ghi nhận mùi của plastic được hâm nóng trong xe đóng kín cửa). Ngoài ra benzen còn đầu độc xương, gây thiếu máu và giảm lượng tế bào máu trắng v.v… Nếu bị nhiễm lâu dài, benzen có thể gây bệnh bạch cầu (leukemia) làm tăng rủi ro bị ung thư, và cũng có thể làm sẩy thai.


"…Nếu bị nhiễm lâu dài, benzen có thể gây bệnh bạch cầu (leukemia) làm tăng rủi ro bị ung thư, và cũng có thể làm sẩy thai…”


Mức benzen bên trong nhà có thể chấp nhận được là 50mg/ sq.ft. Trong một xe hơi, lên hết cửa kiếng, đậu trong nhà thì mức này lên khoảng 400-800 mg. Nhưng nếu xe đậu ngoài trời, dưới ánh nắng mặt trời ở nhiệt độ trên 60F, thì mức độ benzen tăng lên tới 2000-4000mg tức là gấp 40 lần mức có thể chấp nhận được… và như thế những người ngồi trong xe đương nhiên sẽ phải hít thở một lượng quá nhiều độc tố benzen. Vì vậy lời khuyên là nên mở cửa xe và hạ kiếng xe xuống để cho không khí bên trong xe có thể thoát ra ngoài trước khi bạn vào trong xe. Benzen là một độc tố có tác hại lên thận, gan và một khi đã nhập vào cơ thể thì khó có thể thải ra ngoài (Câu Đỗ)

3- Rửa sạch nắp trên của lon soda rồi hãy uống



Vào chủ nhật mới đây tại North Texas, một phụ nữ khi đi chèo thuyền đã không quên để vài lon coke vào trong tủ lạnh của chiếc tàu. Đến ngày thứ hai người ta đã phải chở bà vào phòng cấp cứu… nhưng đến ngày thứ tư thì bà đã trút hơi thở cuối cùng.

Nước đái chuột chứa những chất độc hại và chết người. Do đó chúng ta phải rửa cho sạch phần trên của tất cả các lon soda trước khi dùng, Nên biết là các lon soda này được tồn trữ trong các kho rồi chuyển thẳng tới các cửa hàng mà đã không rửa sạch.

Giảo nghiệm tử thi kết luận nạn nhân đã bị chết vì bệnh do leptospira (leptospirosis). Cuộc điều tra cho thấy là bà ta đã uống coke trực tiếp từ lon chứ không đổ ra ly. Thử nghiệm cho thấy lon coke mà bà ta uống có nhiễm nước đái chuột (tức là mầm mống của căn bệnh nói trên.)

Nước đái chuột chứa những chất độc hại và chết người. Do đó chúng ta phải rửa cho sạch phần trên của tất cả các lon soda trước khi dùng, Nên biết là các lon soda này được tồn trữ trong các kho rồi chuyển thẳng tới các cửa hàng mà đã không rửa sạch.

Một nghiên cứu của NYCU đã phát hiện là mặt trên của tất cả các lon soda đều bị ô nhiễm nhiều hơn cả các phòng vệ sinh công cộng, nghĩa là có đầy mầm mống bệnh và vi khuẩn. Vậy thì… bạn nhớ lấy nước rửa cho sạch các lon soda trước khi đưa lon lên miệng uống để tránh tai họa. (Oanh Nguyen).

4- Đừng uống RedBull cùng với Vodka



RedBull là một loại nước uống đem lại năng lực (energy drink) sản xuất theo sản phẩm của Thái Lan mang tên Krating Daeng. Một nhóm thanh niên tuổi trong khoảng từ 20 tới 30 tụ tập nhau để liên hoan thâu đêm. Trong số đó, một cậu chừng 26 tuổi mang theo VODKA RED BULL (mà cậu ta đã có uống từ trước khi tới). Vào 3 giờ sáng, cậu này cùng một số bạn khác lấy nệm ra nằm ngủ một lát. Lúc này cậu ta vẫn nói cười vui vẻ, không đau đớn gì. Khoảng 5 giờ sáng, các bạn khác vào đánh thức cậu này thì… cậu ta đã chết.


"…vì rượu là chất làm suy nhược (depressant) trong khi caffeine chứa trong RedBull lại là một chất kích thích (stimulant)…”

Sau khi giảo nghiệm, bác sĩ kết luận là cậu thanh niên này đã chết vì uống VODKA RED BULL, chứa nhiều những chất kích thích taurine và glucuronolactone. RED BULL tuy được bày bán trên quầy nước limonade tại các siêu thụ, nhưng có thể làm chết người nhất khi uống chung với VODKA.

Chúng ta không nên uống quá hai lon RED BULL nguyên chất (RED BULL nature) mỗi tuần, nếu uống chung với Vodka thì càng nguy hiểm vì rượu là chất làm suy nhược (depressant) trong khi caffeine chứa trong RedBull lại là một chất kích thích (stimulant).

5- Đừng uống nước lạnh khi ăn



Người Nhật và người Tầu thường uống trà nóng trong bữa cơm chứ không uống nước lạnh. Đã đến lúc chúng ta nên dùng cách này của họ.

Tuy rằng sau một bữa cơm no mà uống một ly nước lạnh thì quả là khoan khoái. Nhưng nước lạnh uống vào sẽ làm đông đặc các đồ ăn dầu mỡ trong bụng và làm sự tiêu hóa bị chậm trễ. Một khi “khối bầy nhầy” này tác dụng với acid thì nó sẽ tan rã ra, được ruột hấp thụ nhanh hơn các đồ ăn rắn, và sẽ nhanh chóng tạo thành lớp mỡ phủ lên màng ruột dễ dẫn đến ung thư.
Vì vậy chúng ta nên húp một bát súp nóng hay uống một tách nước nóng sau bữa ăn.

6- Đừng ăn tôm có vỏ khi uống vitamin C



Một phụ nữ Đài Loan chết bất thình lình với dấu hiệu chảy máu mũi, mồm, tai và mắt. Cuộc giảo nghiệm tử thi cho thấy là nạn nhân bị chết vì ngộ độc thạch tín. Bác sĩ giải thích rằng, người chết không tự tử, không bị đầu độc mà chỉ vì thiếu hiểu biết, và cho biết thạch tín đã được tạo ra trong dạ dày người chết.

Arsenic oxide sẽ chuyển thành ADB arsenic anhydride (As2O3) rất độc!

- Vấn đề ở chỗ bà ta đã ăn nhiều tôm vào bữa ăn tối
Theo điều tra người phụ nữ này uống vitamin C mỗi ngày. Vitamin C tự nó không thành vấn đề. Vấn đề ở chỗ bà ta đã ăn nhiều tôm vào bữa ăn tối. Thực ra tôm cũng không thành vấn đề vì tối hôm đó cả gia đình bà ta đều ăn tôm nhưng không sao. Nhưng riêng đối với nạn nhân thì có vấn đề vì bà ta đã uống vitamin C.

Theo nghiên cứu của Đại Học Chicago thì vỏ mềm của tôm chứa nhiều potassium 5, chất này tổng hợp với Thạch Tín thành arsenic oxide (As2O5). Nhưng thực phẩm tươi này cũng không độc đối với cơ thể con người. Tuy nhiên, ngay lúc đó uống vitamin C vào, phản ứng hóa học xảy ra, arsenic oxide sẽ chuyển thành ADB arsenic anhydride (As2O3) rất độc có thể làm tê liệt các mạch máu nhỏ của tim, gan, thận, ruột và biểu mô, gây xuất huyết tai, mắt, mũi, miệng.

7- Để ý tới các triệu chứng của đột quỵ



Bạn nên ghi nhớ là triệu chứng đầu tiên của đột quỵ là đau cánh tay trái. Vùng quai hàm cũng thấy bị đau. Bạn có thể không cảm thấy đau ngực vào lúc đầu của cơn đột quỵ. Buồn nôn và vã mồ hôi cũng là những triệu chứng thông thường.

Khoảng 60 phần trăm nạn nhân bị đột quỵ trong khi ngủ và đã “đi luôn” không tỉnh dậy. Cơn đau nơi quai hàm có thể đánh thức nạn nhân tỉnh dậy. Khi có triệu chứng đột quỵ, phải gọi xe cấp cứu tức thời.

8- Không nên dùng các sản phẩm có đường nhân tạo


Những ai hay dùng các kẹo ngọt không đường của Ricola & Fisherman hãy coi chừng vì chúng có chứa chất aspartame, một “sát nhân” thầm lặng http://www.nexusmag/ azine.com/ articles/ aspartame. html

Những ai ưa chuộng các chất có vị ngọt nhân tạo nên biết: Hiện nay tại Mỹ đang có dịch bệnh xơ cứng bội (multiple sclerosis) và luput (lupus). Lý do là vì ngày nay có nhiều người dùng các chất đường nhân tạo (artificial sweetener) để cho vào cà-phê hay trà. Họ làm vậy vì truyền hình cứ nhắc nhở họ hoài là đường có hại cho sức khỏe. Thật ra điều này hoàn toàn đúng, đường có hại cho sức khỏe thật… Nhưng nhiều người trong chúng ta lại dùng một chất thay thế cho đường nguy hiểm gấp nhiều lần. Đó là aspartame, và chính chất này đã gây ra bệnh tình nói trên.

Artificial Sweetener

Hiện nay tại Mỹ đang có dịch bệnh xơ cứng bội (multiple sclerosis) và luput (lupus). Lý do là vì ngày nay có nhiều người dùng các chất đường nhân tạo (artificial sweetener) để cho vào cà-phê hay trà.




Aspartame là một hóa chất rất độc được công ty Monsanto sản xuất. Aspartame được bán trên khắp thế giới như là một chất thay thế cho đường và được sử dụng trong tất cả các đồ uống “diet soft drink” như Diet Coke, và Diet Pepsi. Aspartame cũng có mặt trong các nhãn hiệu đường nhân tạo như NutraSweet, Equal và Spoonful, cũng như trong nhiều sản phẩm khác dưới dạng chất thay thế cho đường.


“diet soft drink” như Diet Coke, và Diet Pepsi. Aspartame cũng có mặt trong các nhãn hiệu đường nhân tạo như NutraSweet, Equal và Spoonful, cũng như trong nhiều sản phẩm khác

dưới dạng chất thay thế cho đường.


Aspartme được quảng cáo là một sản phẩm diet (diet product) nhưng thực ra không phải thế. Thật ra aspartame làm người dùng tăng ký vì luôn luôn gây sự thèm ăn carbohydrate. Nhưng đây mới chỉ là một phần rất nhỏ của tác hại của aspartame vì hóa chất độc hại này còn làm thay đổi hóa học của não và do đó có thể gây ra những cơn động kinh. Aspartame còn làm thay đổi mức dopamine trong não, điều này rất nguy hiểm đến tính mạng của những người bị bệnh Parkinson.
Sở dĩ aspartame độc hại vì một trong những chất cấu thành của nó là rượu “wood alcohol”. Khi nhiệt độ của aspartame vượt quá 86 độ F thì rượu này sẽ biến thành formaldehyde sau đó thành acid formic rồi cuối cùng thành axidosis folic.

Formaldehyde được sắp vào loại chất độc như cyanide và arsenic tức là những chất có thể làm chết người; điều khác biệt là formaldehyde giết người một cách thầm lặng và chậm hơn. Và trong tiến trình gây tử vọng, nó gây ra nhiều vần đề về thần kinh. Người ta ghi nhận được có 92 triệu chứng nhiễm độc do aspartame dẫn đến hôn mê và cái chết. Hầu hết các triệu chứng này đều có liên quan tới thần kinh vì aspartame tấn công và tiêu hủy hệ thần kinh. Một trong những triệu chứng đó là bệnh luput cũng “hung hăn” như bệnh sơ cứng động mạch, đặc biệt đối với những người nghiện uống Diet Coke và Diet Pepsi.

    9- Phòng ngừa bị đánh cắp hoặc đánh tráo thẻ tín dụng

Dưới đây là ba tình huống đánh cắp thẻ tín dụng (credit card) rất đặc biệt quý bạn nên đọc cho biết:

a. Một người bạn của tôi vào gym, khóa vật dụng của mình trong tủ nhỏ rồi ra tập thể dục. Tập và tắm rửa xong, anh ta ra lấy đồ thì thấy tủ không khóa. Anh ta tự bảo “Lạ thật! Rõ ràng tủ đã khóa mà”. Mặc quần áo xong, bạn tôi soát lại bóp thấy không có gì suy xuyển và các thẻ tín dụng vẫn còn đủ nên yên chí ra về.

Hỡi ôi! Thẻ tín dụng thì vẫn còn đó nhưng đã bị tráo vào bởi một thẻ tương tự nhưng đã hết hạn. Thì ra tên trộm đã đánh tráo thẻ mà bạn tôi không hay biết. Hậu quả là bạn tôi phải thanh toán số tiền nợ vì đã không báo cáo sớm.
Nhưng vài tuần sau bạn tôi nhận được giấy đòi tiền nợ tín dụng lên tới 14,000 mỹ kim. Anh ta gọi ngân hàng la lối về sự nhầm lẫn, nhưng được cho biết là ngân hàng không có sai sót gì cả. Nhân viên ngân hàng có hỏi bạn tôi là thẻ tín dụng có bị đánh cắp hay không? Anh ta trả lời “Không”, nhưng vẫn rút bóp ra coi lại. Thì hỡi ôi! Thẻ tín dụng thì vẫn còn đó nhưng đã bị tráo vào bởi một thẻ tương tự nhưng đã hết hạn. Thì ra tên trộm đã đánh tráo thẻ mà bạn tôi không hay biết. Hậu quả là bạn tôi phải thanh toán số tiền nợ vì đã không báo cáo sớm.


Lời khuyên: Nên cẩn thận vì ít ngân hàng tín dụng có hệ báo động cho các chuyển khoản nhỏ dưới $9,000. Vì vậy nếu kẻ lấy cắp rút nhiều món tiền nhỏ thì…. tích tiểu thành đại mà bạn không hay biết.

b. Một thực khách ăn xong rút thẻ tín dụng ra trả tiền. Hóa đơn được mang tới, ông ta ký tên và cô hầu bàn gấp hóa đơn làm hai và kẹp thẻ tín dụng vào giữa… Thông thường thì ông khách cứ thế bỏ vào bóp hoặc túi áo rồi ra về. Nhưng hôm đó không biết sao ông ta lại coi lại thẻ tín dụng và phát hiện… đó là thẻ quá hạn của người khác. Ông ta vội gọi cô hầu bàn thì cô ta tỏ vẻ bối rối, xin lỗi và mang thẻ lại quầy tính tiền. Ông khách theo dõi thì thấy trong khi đi, cô ta vẫy vẫy cái thẻ cho người thu tiền nhìn thấy và lập tức người này cúi xuống loay hoay làm cái gì đó rồi rút ra cái thẻ đúng. Cô hầu bàn thản nhiên như không có chuyện gì, mang thẻ lại cho ông khách và ngỏ lời xin lỗi.


Lời khuyên: Bạn hãy coi lại tên trên thẻ tín dụng mỗi khi ký giấy mua bất cứ cái gì và/hoặc mỗi khi người bán hàng cầm thẻ tín dụng của bạn mang đi một thời gian dù là ngắn. Nhiều người khi được trả thẻ chẳng kiểm lại, cứ đương nhiên cho đó là thẻ tín dụng của mình.

Thẻ tín dụng (credit card) của tôi bị chụp hình. Tôi nghe thấy tiếng động khẽ báo hình đã chụp xong. Rất may cho tôi, nếu tôi không có cùng loại điện thoại như của cậu ta thì làm sao tôi đã phát giác ra điều này. Ngay sau khi ra khỏi tiệm tôi liền gọi ngân hàng yêu cầu hủy bỏ ngay thẻ của tôi.
c. Hôm qua tôi tới một tiệm pizza lấy đồ đã đặt mua sẵn. Tôi trả tiền bẳng thẻ Visa Check Card, và như thế tiền sẽ rút thẳng từ tài khoản ngân hàng của tôi. Người đứng quầy trả tiền là một cậu thanh niên. Cậu ta cầm thẻ của tôi, rà vào máy, rồi để lại trên quầy như chờ chuyển ngân được chấp thuận… và đó cũng là thủ tục thông thường. Trong khi chờ, cậu ta cầm điện thoại di động và bắt đầu bấm số. Tôi nhận ra điện thoại của cậu ta vì nó cùng kiểu với máy của tôi và tôi không thấy gì khác lạ. Tiếp theo tôi nghe thấy một tiếng “clic” giống như khi tôi chụp hình với máy di động của tôi. Sau đó cậu ta trả lại thẻ cho tôi nhưng vẫn giữ điện thoại trong tay trông giống như hãy còn đang bấm các nút. Lúc đó, tôi chợt nghĩ nhanh “Phải chăng anh ta đang chụp hình cái gì… nếu không là cái thẻ visa của mình”… và tôi để ý theo dõi. Cậu ta đặt máy lên quầy, vẫn để máy mở. Khoảng năm giây sau, tôi nghe thấy tiếng động khẽ báo hình đã chụp xong. Thực là rất may cho tôi, nếu tôi không có cùng loại điện thoại như của cậu ta thì làm sao tôi đã phát giác ra điều này. Và điều tất nhiên, là ngay sau khi ra khỏi tiệm tôi liền gọi ngân hàng yêu cầu hủy bỏ ngay thẻ của tôi.


Lời khuyên: Mỗi khi dùng thẻ tín dụng, bạn phải cẩn thận đừng lơ là. Bạn nên:
  • Để ý xem có ai đứng bên cạnh không và họ đang làm gì.
  • Coi chừng các máy điện thoại cầm tay vì có thể chụp hình.
  • Khi người hầu bàn tại tiệm ăn mang thẻ tín dụng và hóa đơn cho bạn ký thì bạn nhớ xóa số thẻ tín dụng đi. Một số tiệm ăn chỉ ghi lại bốn số cuối trên hóa đơn nhưng nhiều tiệm vẫn để nguyên.

Sưu tầm trên mạng




 

The FS 595 Color Standard



The Federal Standard 595 was originally created by the US General Services Administration.

The standard is a set of color shades, each with a unique five digit reference number. The first number defines the finish. The second number defines the color.

No Finish
1Gloss
2Semi-gloss
3Flat
No Color
0Brown
1Red
2Orange
3Yellow
4Green
5Blue
6Gray
7Other (White, Black, Metallic)
8Fluorescent


FS 595 Highway Colors


The numbers in parentheses are references to FS 596.

HexColor Name
#633517(10055) Highway Brown
#a6001a(11086) Highway Red
#e06000(12243) Highway Orange
#ee9600(13415) School Bus Yellow
#ffab00(13507) Highway Yellow
#004d33(14066) Highway Green
#00477e(15065) Highway Blue

The numbers in parentheses are references to FS 596.

The #hex values are non official approximate values intended to simulate highway colors in HTML.

Example

<div style="color:#fff;background-color:#ee9600">School Bus</div>


FS 595 Safety Colors


HexColor Name
#bd1e24(11120) Safety Red
#e97600(12300) Safety Orange
#f6c700(13591) Safety Yellow
#007256(14120) Safety Green
#0067a7(15092) Safety Blue
#964f8e(17155) Safety Purple

The numbers in parentheses are references to FS 596.

The hex values are non official approximate values intended to simulate safety colors in HTML.

Example

<div style="color:#fff;background-color:#bd1e24">DANGER !</div>


FS 595 ANA Colors (Army Navy Aero)


HexColor Name
#09568d(ANA 501) ANA Blue
#172035(ANA 502) ANA Insignia Blue
#457725(ANA 503) ANA Willow Green
#686b69(ANA 504) ANA Olive Drab
#ffbb00(ANA 505) ANA Lemon Yellow
#f8a300(ANA 506) ANA Orange Yellow
#f0c282(ANA 507) ANA Aircraft Cream
#ce3500(ANA 508) ANA International Orange
#901e1d(ANA 509) ANA Insignia Red
#421814(ANA 510) ANA Maroon
#f0e9ee(ANA 511) ANA Insignia White
#a2a7ad(ANA 512) ANA Aircraft Grey
#47484a(ANA 513) ANA Engine Gray
#1c1d22(ANA 514) ANA Instrument Black
#0b0b0d(ANA 515) ANA Black
#122b3e(ANA 516) ANA Strata Blue

The numbers in parentheses are references to FS 596.

The hex values are non official approximate values intended to simulate ANA colors in HTML.

Example

<div style="color:#fff;background-color:#686b69">

<p>ANA Olive Drab</p>

</div> 


FS 595 Camouflage Colors


HexColor Name
#594d45(30051) Camo brown
#79533d(30090) Camo red
#595142(33070) Camo olive
#745d46(33105) Camo field
#ac7e54(33245) Camo earth
#a9947b(33303) Camo sand
#b49d80(33446) Camo tan
#bcab90(33510) Camo sandstone
#535640(34082) Camo dark-green
#54504b(34086) Camo forest
#63613e(34089) Camo light-green
#4a5444(34094) Camo green
#5c5c5b(36170) Camo dark-grey
#9495a5(36300) Camo grey
#373538(37030) Camo black

The numbers in parentheses are references to FS 596.

The hex values are non official approximate values intended to simulate camouflage colors in HTML.

Example

<div style="color:#fff;background-color:#9495a5">Camouflaged Ship</div>

FS 595C

FS 595C is the latest known version of the FS 595 standard.

These hex values are non official approximate values intended to simulate FS 595C colors in HTML:

HexColorNumber
#2a161010032
#523f3e10045
#421814Maroon 81352, ANA 51010049
#633517DoT Highway Brown10055
#592e2910075
#712617Coast Guard Deck Red, Metallic Red-Brown10076
#553a28Seal Brown, NASA Safety Brown10080
#773517Dark Oak10091
#9e5d3810115
#926f5d10219
#a46d63Cocoa Brown, National Parks Service 110233
#cba46a10260
#aa824eMiddlestone10266
#af8d8110324
#c78d59Buff, TT-E-48910371
#a6001aDoT Highway Red11086
#a60117OSHA Safety Red/ DoT 11105
#bd1e24OSHA Safety Red11120
#9b0a18Insignia Red, Carmine Red 11136
#a7071cOSHA Safety Red11140
#c8372e11302
#b44441Post Office Red11310
#b8334711328
#a93d43Coast Guard Buoy Red11350
#d3372311400
#e5b6b911630
#f7cab9Peach11670
#ac543bOrange-Brown12160
#ce3500International Orange, ANA 50812197
#e62200Coast Guard Red #4012199
#d34b0c12215
#e06000DoT Highway Orange12243
#dc4a00OSHA Safety Orange12246
#db4e3bCoast Guard Orange12250
#e97600OSHA Safety Orange12300
#eb660212473
#ecbf9e12648
#b4823aPost Office Yellow13275
#ee9600School Bus Yellow13415
#f4960013432
#ffab00DoT Highway Yellow13507
#ceb6a013522
#dbb88313523
#d3b6a4Beige13531
#f8a300DoT Highway Yellow, ANA 50613538
#dcc2a4Warm Gray13578
#f6c700OSHA Safety Yellow13591
#f0c282Aircraft Cream, ANA 50713594
#e5bc7f13596
#f0c8a6Buff13613
#f5c964Postal Service Cream13618
#e0a81613637
#ffbb00OSHA Safety Yellow, ANA 50513655
#ded560Yellow-Green13670
#ead1b5Park Service Cream13690
#f6cb82Ivory, Forest Service13695
#eecdae13711
#172e2914036
#343730Army Green, NATO Green14050
#35352bMarine Green #2314052
#29332f14056
#0f482eDeep Green14062
#3f3b2f14064
#004d33DoT Highway Green14066
#383e3714077
#43433314079
#525347Sikorsky Green14081
#2d271a14084
#2e271a14087
#00653914090
#53593e14097
#005139DoT Highway Green14109
#18622dNASA Safety Medium Green14110
#006d4e14115
#007256OSHA Safety Green14120
#5f6c6d14158
#686d6414159
#457725Oxygen Tank Green, ANA 50314187
#2f9254Coast Guard Green14193
#52806014223
#7d979214241
#8f815614255
#8b845c14257
#569376OSHA Safety Green14260
#6f947a14272
#81929014277
#79a19614325
#a2b39814449
#a7b8aa14491
#b1beb514516
#abb59314533
#d1d2bfArmy Admin Vehicles14672
#002d30Sea Blue, Teal Blue, ANA 62315042
#172035Dark Blue, Insignia Blue, ANA 50215044
#122b3eStrata Blue, Air Force Blue, ANA 51615045
#3c485cPost Office Dark Blue15048
#123057Post Office Box15050
#3a5174Post Office Medium Blue15052
#3e476a15055
#16216a15056
#00477eDoT Highway Blue15065
#0f4267Handicap Blue15080
#004472DoT Highway Blue15090
#0067a7OSHA Safety Blue15092
#3b6ba5Post Office Light Blue15095
#09568dOSHA Safety Blue, ANA 50115102
#55779215107
#2c5da3Bright Blue15123
#00608815125
#547495Clear Blue15177
#0065b1Blue, 8528515180
#0073adCoast Guard Blue15182
#0090c715187
#4a808fLight Blue15193
#47add515200
#8eb1d615450
#adbbcc15526
#5b606aCoast Guard Deck Gray16076
#47484aDark Gray, ANA 51316081
#494f58Coast Guard Blue Gray16099
#80694716160
#706a5d16165
#647489Mechanic Gray Navy Standard16187
#84828816251
#95928fMachinery Gray16307
#92939616314
#90847216350
#a79e9216357
#afa39616360
#a19d9916376
#c3b4a4Parchment16405
#b5afafLight Gray 85285, 8135216440
#a2a7adAircraft Gray, NASA, ANA 51216473
#adbab5Canada 501-10916480
#bfb9bbDawn Gray16492
#c2bfc6Boeing Gray 70716515
#cebca616555
#0b0b0dOSHA Black, ANA 515, 62217038
#8e763e17043
#683c7217100
#994680OSHA Safety Purple17142
#964f8eOSHA Safety Purple17155
#92909aSilver/ International Aluminum17178
#e3e3e4Blue White17773
#f0e1d317778
#f4dfc517855
#ece6eaCoast Guard White17860
#e2e5e3Hawker Beechcraft White17865
#f0e9eeInsignia White, ANA 51117875
#e5efe9Coast Guard White17877
#f6eae6Bone White17886
#faeff5Untinted White17925
#42332a20040
#54404020045
#503832Forest Service Sign Standard20059
#60333520061
#49393720062
#594f47Brown 35620065
#5d5343Madeira 195720068
#685240Highland 48020090
#705b4b20095
#85482b20100
#833e33F.S. Seminal Brown20109
#7c503a20117
#6b462f20122
#7c5e5020140
#776550Coyote 476/49820150
#8c372e20152
#7d5947Light Brown 49320155
#7e6c5bOlive Mohave20170
#7f7260Tan 49920180
#96707020206
#92705c20219
#8e7c6cLight Coyote 48120220
#9b7d6f20227
#a56f6820233
#b47160Rose20252
#cda36720260
#a8844c20266
#9d8c85Urban Tan 47820270
#ad8d8420313
#a8937e20318
#b19b8bTan20372
#cd9a7120400
#c7a59520450
#c0b6a2Mushroom20460
#cdb090Saudi Color #11, (SANG)20475
#b2001321105
#9a141d21136
#bc465a21158
#c5363321302
#d3341f21400
#cd928421433
#e6b4a721575
#eeccba21643
#efcbb121667
#efc9ca21668
#f3c8b821670
#a7452e22144
#d8290722190
#bd523222203
#de511c22246
#c96c5522276
#db786822356
#ff660022510
#df9471Light Orange Brown22516
#dcaf9aRosewood22519
#f8924322544
#ddb79eBeachwood22563
#eabfa7Buff22630
#f1c3a8Buff22648
#ba843d23275
#7d776aKhaki 47523420
#9a8e79Khaki P123430
#9c917dLight Khaki 49423435
#bb9e7a23448
#ceb5a023522
#bfb4acDesert Sand 500/50323525
#b4a6a0Light Tan 47923530
#d3b8a5Light Mushroom Navy23531
#fda80023538
#dec5a023564
#dac3a723578
#f1c38623594
#edc6a3Buff23613
#ddc3b023617
#e7c6a323619
#f7b800Yellow 1365523640
#ffc00023655
#eadba723685
#e8cfb423690
#f7cb85Forest Service Sign Standard23695
#f4ce88Sunglow23697
#f2d2b123711
#eed4b823717
#ecd2ac23722
#f1d8ab23727
#f3cd4623785
#f8e28f23793
#e5dfa023814
#3b3b33Marine Green #2324052
#423e3324064
#3c4541Army Green 49124070
#4a493d24079
#38312524084
#37302424087
#574f4f24091
#545a4224097
#5c573424098
#345b4724108
#4c594aDark Green 35524111
#536158Green 47424112
#685a3aMarine OD Green24120
#546a6e24148
#606b6e24158
#6c706724159
#686b69Foliage Green 502/50424165
#61705e24172
#84776124201
#7e755eLight Green 35424210
#7a837724226
#74866924227
#798a8d24233
#7f989424241
#61947c24260
#6a9076MIL-P-24441 Primer24272
#81919024277
#82988f24300
#77a09524325
#99a59024373
#a0ada424410
#a9aea024417
#acab9924424
#abada224432
#aab29c24441
#a0b19524449
#9fb39f24466
#a6b9ad24491
#abb7a424504
#b1bcb2Clipper Blue24516
#abb7ac24518
#b2bca824525
#acb693Seafoam Green, Navy24533
#cdc48624552
#d3ceb924554
#bcc8b024558
#c6d4b624583
#c9dac7Postal Green24585
#c0d1bf24664
#cfd5cc24670
#d3d5c024672
#262f39Blue Sea, ANA 60625042
#1d304425045
#3c3b4025049
#383e58Army Blue 45025051
#253b5aRoyal Blue25053
#16226c25056
#3a435dArmy Blue 45125060
#20548525102
#43648025109
#576f9425177
#1c70ae25183
#44799825184
#687d8d25189
#5883a325190
#50819025193
#5490c4Electrical Blue25230
#79838f25237
#748cb925240
#6f9c9d25299
#889ba025352
#8fa7ad25414
#85afc7Admiral Blue25440
#99b4da25488
#b1bccePastel Blue25526
#cdd6e925550
#d0d2d325622
#dad3d8Carl Vinson Blue25630
#464850Exterior Deck Gray26008
#2f353f26044
#4b4c50Sea Plane Gray, ANA 62526081
#54433e26120
#615b5f26122
#636269Slate Gray26132
#686566Gray, Filing Cabinet26134
#66697126152
#757684Ocean Gray, NAVSEA26173
#6b7283Ocean Gray26176
#70757d26187
#7f808926231
#82858a26250
#88868c26251
#80838dDark Gray 50926255
#848584Urban Gray 501/50526260
#878892Interior Haze Gray26270
#8d8c9026280
#8c8f98Gray 2627026290
#908f9726293
#9d9faeGray 51026295
#9c8d88Sand Gray26306
#94918dBulkhead Machinery Gray #3026307
#91939726314
#8e9aa326329
#a49d9626357
#aea39626360
#a4a3adLight Gray #3726373
#9fa5b3Medium Gray 50826380
#d0c0adYellow Gray26400
#bdafa126405
#beb7b126408
#b3afacDLA26420
#c1b2b026424
#b2acae26440
#aebbb5Canada 501-10926480
#bfbabd26492
#bcb8c0Pearl Gray26493
#b4b0acGreen Gray26496
#cab6af26521
#d1bfa926555
#c7beb7Parchment26559
#d1c2b026586
#c6c0bb26595
#cbc2c126622
#cbcfd9Light Gray 50726630
#1c1d22ANA 51427038
#222227Filing Cabinet Black27040
#39383aBlack27041
#967d46Gold27043
#9a477d27142
#515fc127144
#e5d9d527722
#e6d3c4Parchment27769
#efe1d5Candlelight27778
#f2e5df27780
#e8ddba27855
#f2ebf0ANA 62627875
#fbeeec27880
#f3f2e7White 50627885
#f9ece727886
#f9f0f727925
#ff090028913
#ff4b0028915
#52464130040
#58464530045
#594d45Brown 383 Camo30051
#5e4d43Earth Brown Camo30097
#685347Earth Brown30099
#60443bWalnut Brown30108
#874840Dull Red, ANA 61830109
#724a46Maroon Olympic Russet, Park Service Brown30111
#7f5745International Brown30117
#705a43Field Drab Camo, ANA 61730118
#7e5d4dInternational Brown30140
#81634eButternut Stain30145
#7c424f30160
#864b4530166
#976f6f30206
#96674a30215
#987563Sierra Tan, ANA 62830219
#9b7d7230227
#a46f6730233
#b47360Rust Red30252
#bd8e60Earth Yellow30257
#a98652Tan, ANA 61530266
#9e8a75Sand30277
#b19083Desert Sand, ANA 61630279
#b08e84Desert Sand30313
#ae8e83Desert Sand CAMO30315
#ab957f30318
#b09185Desert Sand30324
#af9a8a30372
#caa898Beige30450
#79533dEarth Red CAMO31090
#a0333aInternational Red, CARC Aircraft Red, ANA 61931136
#bd4255International Light Red31158
#d0403231400
#d2858631433
#e4b2a331575
#f0acb731638
#ebc9b931643
#f0cbb2Tan31667
#ebc8c931668
#f5c9d131669
#f2c9bb31670
#af543832169
#e85e31Navy Torpedo32246
#ce705a32276
#db786832356
#e7754332473
#dc946f32516
#e28563Navair Flat Orange #132540
#fb975632544
#fda85e32555
#e8bda432630
#f1c4a532648
#595142Olive Drab CAMO33070
#745d46Field Drab Camo33105
#ac7e54Earth Yellow Camo33245
#a9947bSand Camo33303
#d69c5033434
#9f825bGreen Gold Stain33440
#b49d80Tan 686A Camo33446
#bea07d33448
#d1af4d33481
#bcab90Dark Sandstone Camo33510
#cfb69fTan33522
#d2b7a7Sand33531
#ffaa07International Yellow, Traffic Yellow, ANA 61433538
#dac39c33564
#d9c2a733578
#eec6a533613
#e1c7b7Sand, TT-P-4733617
#edb75033637
#ffbf0033655
#e8d8a633685
#eed2b5Very Light Sand33690
#fad08d33695
#ffcf6b33696
#efcfae33711
#edd3baTan33717
#ecd1af33722
#f1d7ac33727
#f9e58c33793
#fadea433798
#e6e3a033814
#4a4444Aircraft Green Camo34031
#484743Marine Green #2334052
#2f4f52Dark Blue Green34058
#514d4bOlive Drab 8528534064
#4c4d43Army Forest Green, ANA 63134079
#535640Dark green Camo34082
#504e44Air Force Forest Green34083
#49433cDark green Camo34084
#54504bArmy Forest Green Camo34086
#473f37Olive Drab CARC34088
#63613eLight Green CAMO34089
#14764e34090
#46554fGunship Green, ANA 61234092
#4a5444Green 383 Camo34094
#4c5037Field Green34095
#54544734096
#575c45Field Green ANA 62734097
#635d4134098
#565845Dark Green34102
#39604bInternational Dark Green, Navy Torpedo34108
#645f40Light Green CAMO34127
#58655334128
#4c4e43Navair Flat Green #234129
#5d583cMunsell Color 10Y3/334130
#51784534138
#586c6e34148
#65623cInterior Green TT-P-1757, ANA 61134151
#5f6b6eBlue Drab34158
#676c6334159
#686664Foliage Green34160
#4f5149Navair Flat Green #134170
#82766034201
#798175NASA Primer34226
#74856734227
#4c934f34230
#788a8f34233
#80999334241
#87885e34258
#84753634259
#6c917834272
#7e918fSea Mist Green34277
#81978f34300
#769e9234325
#6fc7b0Forest Service Green34350
#98a48dSagebrush34373
#99a9a134410
#b1baaa34414
#acac9aANA 61034424
#a9aca034432
#a8b09a34441
#9fb396International Light Green34449
#aabaab34491
#afbaa834504
#afbcb134516
#abb8b034518
#b5bc9834524
#aeba9934533
#99ca8534540
#d0c58a34552
#ceccb7Public Building Standard34554
#bac7adInternational Light Green34558
#bcb9a034583
#d7e0a834666
#ccd2c934670
#d1d3bePastel Blue34672
#373a42Sea Blue, ANA 60735042
#363848Aircraft Insignia Blue, ANA 60535044
#32405235045
#24357d35056
#37647eInternational Light Blue35109
#646e83Navy Blue 212, ANA 60835164
#58759435177
#056cb935180
#1373af35183
#637d8b35189
#5683a535190
#4c839235193
#7284b7ANA 60935231
#7c8592Blue Gray35237
#748fbd35240
#4e9bd7UN Flag Blue35250
#45abc9Forest Service Blue35260
#2699a935275
#6b9a9935299
#899da435352
#94a8abBlue Green35414
#88acd135450
#7bc2e735466
#98b0d235488
#afbacc35526
#c9d2e435550
#c8cfce35622
#d8d2d635630
#4a4c57Navy Gray #2, Dark Gray36076
#4e4f54Deep Gray, F-4 Aircraft36081
#525660Dark Blue Gray36099
#5b5e6aGunship Gray, ANA 60336118
#686b7336152
#5c5c5bCamouflage Gray36170
#747683Ocean Gray, NAVSEA36173
#6b7282Ocean Gray36176
#7e7e87International Gray, Aircraft Gray #23, ANA 62136231
#84838836251
#858691Haze Gray36270
#8c8b9036280
#8f8d9636293
#9495a5Aircraft Gray Camo36300
#a2928d36306
#979392Bulkhead Gray36307
#92939636314
#8f94a636320
#a59d9736357
#a6a6af36373
#9fa1b2Medium Gray36375
#c1b3a436405
#c1aa97Beige Gray Stain36415
#beafac36424
#b0aaadLight Gray 81352, ANA 602, 62036440
#aaa8af36463
#a6aab136473
#aab7b2Canada 501-10936480
#bcb6be36492
#cac8d236495
#cebab236521
#d0bca4Beige36555
#c4bab136559
#cfc2b536586
#c8c0bd36595
#d0c6c736622
#d4cfd536628
#e7cec236642
#373538Black Camo37030
#343337Interior Aircraft Black37031
#343236International Black, Navy #3 Black, ANA 60437038
#493f3e37056
#6e417737100
#974a8037142
#815c8937144
#dacac337150
#97939a37200
#e9dbd537722
#dfccbf37769
#f0dfd037778
#f5e4c8Eggshell, Ivory37855
#f1eaeeInternational White, Aircraft White, Insignia White, ANA 60137875
#f7eae437886
#fbf1fb37925
#00a43b38901
#ff540038903
#ff0d2138905
#ffbf0038907
Note Some confusing names, errors and duplicates also exist in the original.

 

 


Using FS 595 Camouflage Colors
#758468
#b7c5a5



                                                                                                                                                        Scroll down to read more.


CHI RO BU
Charles Schwiderski

© Charles Schwiderski 11/25/07
MACV Advisory Team 24
1967-1968
Infantry Advisor to the Highland Scout Companies of the ARVN 24th Special Tactical Zone, Kontum



    by: Charles Schwiderski
    © Charles Schwiderski 11/25/07
    MACV Advisory Team 24
    1967-1968
    Infantry Advisor to the Highland Scout Companies of the ARVN 24th Special Tactical Zone, Kontum

    Chi Ro Bu - Two ARVN Highland Scout Companies of the ARVN 24th Special Tactical Zone, the 403rd and the 406th, accompanied by myself and another advisor, were given orders to try to locate the 24th NVA Regiment in the vast Chi Ro Bu Mountains. The Chi Ro Bu Mountains are located in northern Pleiku Province, just over the border from Kontum Province and just east of Highway 14, which runs from Pleiku to Kontum and on to Dak To.

    Nearly all the Scouts were Montagnards while the officers were Vietnamese. The Scouts were reconnaissance units, lightly armed with only M16 rifles, hand grenades, M79 grenade launchers and a couple M72 LAWs.

    Early on August 19th, we loaded onto trucks, which drove us from the Scout Compound in Kontum to a spot on Highway 14 where we made our way into the mountains. The two companies of the Scouts had different assigned objectives, which took them on different but parallel courses. The idea was that if one of the companies got into trouble, the other company could come to its assistance. We advisors were assigned to accompany the 406th Company. I was thankful for that, as the 406th Company Commander was an arrogant ass but an excellent officer.

    It was known that the 24th NVA Regiment had plans to attack Kontum City. ARVN units had been trying to locate the 24th NVA Regiment in the Dak Akoi River valley northeast of Kontum City where the NVA were staging for their attack. Under pressure from these ARVN units, the NVA moved into the Ia Tower Valley and then possibly into the Chi Ro Bu Mountains. The soldiers and officers of the two Scout companies assigned to the operation knew they were in for what could be a costly fight even though the Scouts were not supposed to get into a pitched battle with the NVA. They were just to try to confirm the presence of enemy units and try to pinpoint their locations and report back.

    Before we left Kontum, I noticed that the majority of the Scouts were uptight and edgy, including the officers. Because of the stories coming back from the ARVN units in the Dak Akoi river valley, the Scouts were all taking this operation very seriously. I had been a Scout advisor for nearly a year and I had never seen them this apprehensive. I noticed the Scouts were issued and were packing more ammunition than they would normally carry. They knew this was going to be a tough operation. Their apprehension was definitely affecting me as I also ended up packing extra ammo, hand grenades and a second spare radio battery. The trucks carrying the Scouts from Kontum to the jump off point arrived near mid-morning. The Scouts unloaded, formed up and the two companies headed off together to later split off and take on their own objectives. The first couple of klicks were on relatively flat ground. We passed a couple of overgrown old deserted villages, which gave me an eerie spooked feeling and I could sense the same in the Scouts around me.

    The flat ground gave way to foothills and the foothills to the steeper mountains. The tree cover went from the grass and single canopy of the flat ground to the double canopy of the foothills to the triple canopy rainforest of the steeper mountains. Along the way, we observed heavily used trails leading from the foothills and heavy rainforest to the highway. These were probably trails used by NVA units when they moved to the highway to ambush US and ARVN convoys moving between Kontum and Pleiku. When we reached the thicker rainforest, we found locations where NVA units had made temporary positions, complete with foxholes and bunkers. A sense of apprehension seemed to permeate the Scout Companies.

    We moved on and as light faded the two companies made their night positions as usual. After setting up defensive fire positions with our artillery support and checking with operations for any new Intel or operational info, I sat outside my hammock and poncho shelter and looked up at the stars. The stars were so awesome that night, so bright, so beautiful and so peaceful and I wondered if I would make it out of these mountains. Later I got in my hammock and fell asleep to be awakened by voices. Some NVA soldiers in the darkness were yelling insults at my Scouts, who were too experienced to respond and give their positions away. There was even an NVA soldier who knew some English and would yell, “You die soon Yankee,” knowing there was a couple of Americans with the Scouts. The NVA obviously knew the Scouts were here. I quietly called in artillery fire on two of the predefined positions and the yelling stopped. Dawn came, rice was cooked and eaten and the companies split, each going its own way further into the Chi Ro Bu Mountains.

    The 406th Company numbered about seventy-five rifleman and two officers. Of the three Scouts companies, they were the best and I took comfort in knowing I was with them as we humped to the base of Chi Ro Bu Mountain itself. The top at 1128 meters, or 3700 feet about sea level, was our next objective. So far, we had not made contact with the NVA but we knew they were watching us as we moved through the rainforest. We were in triple canopy so visibility was mere feet in any direction. An NVA soldier could be a yard away and you might not know he was there. It was deep, deep rainforest and very quiet, too quiet. We rested for a while, made commo checks, checked the map and wondered. Soon we were headed up the mountain.

    We knew the NVA were near, and we knew they were watching us but we had objectives we had to carry out. We came to very steep terrain and an alarm came down the line. I moved forward to find out that the leading element had found steps cut into the mountain, complete with handrails in some places. The Scouts knew we were in the crap, facing a very large enemy force. We did not take the steps for fear of bobby traps or ambush but instead made our own way up the mountain. At one point, we found commo wire running down the mountain. The Scout CO radioed the ARVN STZ HQ and relayed what we had found and was ordered to continue towards the next objective. Reluctantly the Scout CO ordered his men forward.

    We continued up the mountain, sensing the enemy but not making contact. Before long, we came to the top of what amounted to a sort of hill or high ground on the side of big Chi Ro Bu Mountain. This hill was like a ridge that started but ended before it went anywhere. There was evidence that this area had been used recently, probably by some NVA unit for a night position. The company stopped here on the ridge line that went nowhere and took a break. Many of the Scouts ate from rice balls, made from extra rice cooked in the morning. Soon the break was over and we pushed on up the mountain.

    Shortly after we left the ridge line that went nowhere, a shot was fired at me from somewhere close by. The shot seemed to miss my head by a fraction of an inch. The Scouts formed a defensive position but nothing else happened. Apparently, the Scout column had passed by the position of an NVA trail watcher. He waited for a good target, an American like me (who was six foot two inches tall, almost twice as tall as the Scouts around me, and stood out like a flashing neon sign) and took his shot. Thankfully, he missed and after waiting a few minutes for my nerves to calm down, we started our advance again. We did not know it, but about two hours after I was shot at, we were headed into a cleverly laid NVA ambush. Nobody knew for sure but speculation was that the NVA had set a large U shaped ambush into which we were supposed to walk and then be destroyed from three sides. The leading element of the Scout column suspected something was wrong and the column halted. The pointman and two others were ordered to move forward and check things out.

    As they moved forward everything opened up, the rainforest came alive with more enemy fire than can be described. It was unbelievable, the intense volume of heavy fire directed at us. There was automatic weapons fire, small arms fire, grenades and B40 rockets. It was impossible to advance into that volume of fire. The three Scouts who went forward were killed outright. Sadly, there was nothing we could do to recover their bodies. Not being able to get to their friends was devastating for the Scouts. Many of them believed that the dead had to be buried or their spirits would roam the earth forever.

    We had prematurely sprung the ambush but had to move back down the mountain or be annihilated. The NVA seemed to be grouping and moving to get around our flanks as the Scouts did an organized withdrawal down the mountain. As soon as the firing started, I was immediately on the radio calling for artillery support but the artillery fire seemed to have a limited affect on the volume of NVA fire. The artillery FDC kept a line of artillery fire behind us and on our flanks, holding off the NVA, as we moved back down the mountain. Eventually we made it back to the ridge line that went nowhere. Our only chance was to make a stand where we had the advantage of high ground and this hill on the side of the mountain give us that high ground. For some unknown reason the NVA did not press their attack, which gave the Scouts time to form a good defensive perimeter and dig in the best they could. We had suffered two more dead and a few slightly wounded Scouts from the intense enemy fire, but did manage to bring the two bodies down the mountain with us. Calling in a Dustoff or medevac chopper was impossible with the triple canopy rainforest and no LZ near our position. Even if an LZ had been available, the NVA fire was so strong that any attempt by a chopper to land or hover would have been a disaster.

    The telling of this story is very difficult for me and will get worse as the next three days unfold. Some very good friends will die and I know trying to pry the memories from my mind, where I have tried to suppress them for so long, will be hard and painful. There will be tears as there always is when my memory takes me back to this time and place.

    In order to better coordinate US support, the Scout CO asked that we have an American on the right or south side and left or north side of the perimeter with the forward or east side being the Chi Ro Bu side. The rear or west side was the side away from Chi Ro Bu. He took the other advisor with him to the north side of the perimeter and the XO and I and looked for a position on the south side of the perimeter. We lucked upon a big tree with a cavity in its root system that gave us a good view of both the east and south sides of the perimeter. The hole under the tree made sort of a bunker where at least we had overhead protection. The Scout carrying my radio and a Scout carrying the XOs radio jumped into the root cavity. I was somewhat concerned that the two whip antennas in the same area would draw heavy NVA fire so we added some brush, which hid the antennas.

    At first, I was freaked out about crawling into that hole in the roots, imagining all the creepy, crawly things that called that space home. While I was contemplating these snakes and crawly things, there was the distinct sound of mortar rounds leaving mortar tubes and I quickly forgot about any slithering creatures and dove into my new home as the mortar rounds were exploding within our perimeter.
    As the mortar rounds exploded around us, we also started to receive small arms fire from the side of our perimeter facing the big mountain. This was followed by a small probing attack. The Scouts quickly drove off the NVA and thankfully, the mortar attacked also faded away.
    The Scout Company Commander radioed the 403rd Company and told them to try to link up with us but they were heavily involved with the NVA and could not move. We were on our own.
    In the fading light, I set up pre-defined numbered defensive target positions with the artillery FDC. If I needed artillery fire, I could call for fire by giving the FDC the number of the position and any adjustments and the artillery fire would be on its way. The advisor on the other side of the perimeter did the same.

    A US Air Force FAC, or Forward Air Controller, in his small plane came up on my radio and told me if we needed his support he would be close by. We had been receiving heavier caliber automatic weapons fire from the big mountain, so I gave the FAC the approximate location from where I thought the fire was coming and he said he would see what he could do to help our situation. After a couple of minutes, I saw the FAC fly over and fire smoke rockets into the big mountain at the location I had given him. Then came the roars of fast movers as they made their diving runs on the smoke targets left by the FAC. These diving runs were followed by the explosions of the ordnance they dropped and by the terrible roar of their jet engines as they rocketed away. Thankfully, that stopped the heavy caliber automatic weapons fire for the night. I thanked the FAC and he said if I needed help to just call.

    For the next several hours, we did not receive a full assault but were subjected to probes as the NVA felt us out. We also received numerous mortar attacks of a few rounds each time. As night was barely beginning to turn into predawn the NVA hit us with a major attack on the east and north sides of our perimeter. A heavy mortar barrage began to fall inside our perimeter, accompanied by numerous B40 rockets fired by the NVA, most exploding against trees and spraying the area with hot shrapnel.
    The fighting on the north side of the perimeter was intense, and for the first time during my time in Vietnam, I heard the blare of trumpets and whistles that the NVA were using to direct their troops. The advisor on that side of the perimeter was directing US artillery fire support, and from my vantage point, I directed the artillery fire towards the east side of the perimeter. Eventually the NVA broke off their attack leaving numerous dead and wounded soldiers behind on the hillside. The Scouts suffered four dead and numerous wounded. The cries of wounded from both sides was terrible and filled the dawn. The Scout medics did the best they could for our wounded as a medevac was impossible. As the battle developed, some of our wounded would die because they could not be medevaced.

    Because of the heavy fighting, ammunition was almost gone for those Scouts who received the brunt of the attack. The Scout NCOs gathered ammo from those Scouts on the south and west sides of the perimeter and handed it out to those who were out. Ammunition had become the major concern.
    The Scout Company commander radioed for an ammunition and water resupply but before the resupply, the NVA hit us in force again, this time on my side of the perimeter. I immediately called for and adjusted incoming artillery fire, bringing the fire as close as I dared to our positions and then walking it down the hill into the attacking NVA. The NVA just kept coming, moving upwards from tree to tree. The Scouts were throwing grenades down at the NVA and firing at the approaching NVA soldiers. The fire from the attackers was intense, small arms fire, machine gun fire, and B40 rockets. Cordite hung in the air like a fog. Again, there was the blare of trumpets and the shriek of whistles.

    A group of NVA soldiers were advancing directly toward our hole under the tree. Ammo was critical so we were picking our targets, aiming and firing carefully, not wanting to waste a single round. I aimed and fired at an NVA soldier who seemed to be looking directly at me and coming for me. He jerked violently as my bullet hit him but he kept coming. I fired at him again and he dropped to his knees but got up and kept coming. I could not believe that he was still coming but there he was, almost to me. I fired and hit him again, this time he fell to the ground and then tried to crawl his way towards me. When he finally died, he was within arms reach of my hole, his eyes seemingly looking at me, with a leering grin of his face. For the rest of the time on the hill, every time I looked out of my hole I had to look at that leering grin.
    The artillery fire I was directing was continuing to crawl up and down the hill, killing the attacking NVA soldiers, but many NVA had gotten so close to our positions the artillery fire did not affect them and they were in a hand to hand fight with the Scouts. The Scouts beat them off but the NVA continued to attack. Scouts were sent from the other side of the perimeter to reinforce us.

    The US FAC came up on my radio and asked if he could help. I asked him to target the areas at the base of hill and likely approaches to the hill. Shortly after that, he had air support blasting these areas.
    The NVA attack slowly dissipated and finally stopped. NVA dead and wounded littered our side of the hill. The trees and vegetation, both inside and outside the perimeter and around the hill had changed from dense rainforest to blasted skeletons of what they had been. The Scouts had suffered three more dead and numerous wounded, some able to continue fighting, some not. Again, the Scout medics did what they could.

    A resupply chopper arrived and tried to hover over our position but intense NVA fire drove him off. He circled then came over our position at a high rate of speed, kicking out crates of ammunition. Most of the crates landed out side of our perimeter and those that landed inside broke open upon impact with the ground, sending rounds of ammunition flying in all directions. Scouts were running around trying to pickup the individual rounds while NVA snipers fired at them. Once the ammo was collected, it was issued out to everyone. The ammo we were able to collect would certainly help but it was not enough to hold off many more attacks.

    After the last attack, it was mid afternoon. It turned eerily quiet with no probes and no mortar attacks. The Scouts took the opportunity to reinforce their positions, take care of the wounded and rest the best they could. It was amazing how the wounded that could, took positions on the perimeter. Some of the wounded that were not able to take positions but were able to fire a weapon if needed asked for a weapon incase the NVA attacked and broke into the perimeter. If possible, they did what they could for their fellow wounded.

    Another resupply was requested, ammunition and water. The resupply chopper arrived about an hour or two later and was supported by two helicopter gunships. The gunships did their best but again the resupply chopper was driven off by the NVA and again flew over our position at a high rate of speed kicking out the water and ammunition. Most of the water containers burst open when they hit the ground but some water was salvaged and saved for the wounded. As before most of the ammo crates fell outside the perimeter and those that landed inside the perimeter burst open but not as bad as the first resupply and the ammo was collected and passed out. The ammo situation was improved but it was still serious.

    The afternoon was turning to dusk and still the NVA were leaving us alone, more than likely regrouping for more attacks, certainly licking their wounds. There was a large number of NVA dead on the sides of our hill and some wounded still cried out. Dusk turned to night and flares fired by our supporting artillery cast an eerie light on the hillsides and our perimeter. The light from the flares was welcome as it helped us see the NVA if they tried something. About the same time the flares started, the NVA decided to start lobbing mortar rounds at us again, two or three at a time landed inside our perimeter. Everyone was safe if below ground level, unless a mortar round landed directly in a foxhole.

    Small arms fire rose to a crescendo on the west side of the perimeter. The NVA seemed to be hitting just a small area of our perimeter, slowing moving their attack along the perimeter to the north side of the perimeter. The NVA were probing us again, looking for a weak spot. Shortly, the firing stopped.

    Again, it was quiet except for the incoming mortar rounds. I received a call on the radio from operations that Spooky would soon be over my area and was eager to help. Spooky was an AC-47 US aircraft specially equipped with three miniguns or multibarreled machineguns. Its primary function was for close air support for ground troops. Spooky could stay on position for hours, providing very effective suppressing fire. A three-second burst from all the miniguns in a Spooky, could put one round in every square foot of a football field. Within minutes, Spooky radioed that he was over my position and ready to help. I told him all was currently quiet except for the mortar rounds that were hitting inside our perimeter. Spooky said he would try to spot the flash from the mortar tubes when they fired and take them out. Sure enough, the next time the NVA mortars fired, Spooky spotted them and knocked them out with a burst of fire from his miniguns. I thanked Spooky and asked them to work over the approaches to our position in case the NVA were grouping for another attack. Spooky obliged by placing withering fire on the approaches to our position.

    Obviously, the NVA now knew that Spooky was on location and they feared this wonderful weapon. It was not long and I could hear “Spooky, Spooky” with a definite Vietnamese accent coming from my radio. The NVA had found my primary radio frequency and were trying to call Spooky. “Spooky, Spooky” was heard again and again from the NVA. Spooky came over the radio and said, “It sounds like our little friends are trying to call me.” He laughed and said he could drop flares if needed and would be flying around our position until he had to leave for refueling.

    The night passed as quietly as it had since the terrible battle on the hill started. The quiet ended with the explosion of grenades thrown by the Scouts on my side, the south side, of the perimeter. They had heard movement just down the hill. The grenade explosions were immediately followed by intense small arms and B40 rocket fire from the attacking NVA. The forward elements of the NVA attackers had been able to crawl within feet of our perimeter before being discovered. They were most likely a special sapper outfit, specially trained to advance with stealth and remain unseen until the moment of attack. Spooky had seen the firing and immediately started dropping flares and opened up on the attackers, spraying the hillside with fire from their miniguns. The NVA kept up their attack for a while but soon it became quiet again and was quiet until morning. Spooky came on my radio and said he had to depart for refueling but would come back if needed later.

    The return of sun light seemed to bring a sense of relief to everyone but I’m sure all the Scouts were wondering if we would ever make it out of here. At this point, I had lost count of the Scout casualties but I knew they were high. Ammunition was low and food and water were basically non-existent. Water was becoming as important as ammunition and if we did not get some soon, many of us would be falling from dehydration. The Scout Company Commander radioed for the badly needed resupply and was told supplies were already gathered and a drop would happen soon.

    The morning was quiet, no mortar rounds and only minor small arms fire. Taking advantage of the battle damage to the trees that used to stand tall around the hill, some of the NVA had pulled in close to our positions, where they were safe from artillery fire. The NVA soldiers hiding among the fallen trees below were yelling insults up at the Scouts and the Scouts were yelling insults back. Occasionally a Scout would throw a grenade down the hill towards the NVA followed by mock laughter and insults from the NVA who were hiding just outside the throwing range of the Scouts. I was watching this event taking place when I heard a Scout shout for me to come to his position. I low crawled over to the Scout and he handed me a grenade and pointed down the hill. He then yelled an insult down the hill followed by insults from the NVA. From the sound of the insult yelled by the NVA, I pinpointed a likely location and threw the grenade at that location. My reach with the grenade was further than the Scout's and landed right on target. The Scout then yelled an insult down the hill with no response from the NVA near the suspected location. Of course, after helping that Scout, I was being yelled at by other Scouts along the perimeter. I must have thrown fifteen to twenty grenades with a baseball throwing motion for extra distance that morning and my arm was very sore.

    A resupply chopper tried to hover over our position and was driven off, showing smoke as the pilot flew away and tried to make it to a friendly location. The other resupply chopper made the flying fast and kicking out the supplies maneuver with most of the supplies falling outside our perimeter. It was sure death to try to retrieve the supplies that fell outside the perimeter. We did not get much ammunition but we did get much needed water.

    The resupply over for now, it was quiet again. A short time later, our perimeter was hit with numerous mortar rounds. We also received automatic weapons and B40 rocket fire from the big mountain that overlooked our location. I immediately radioed for a FAC to come to our location and for artillery fire to blast the mountain. The artillery fire did little to alleviate the enemy fire.
    The FAC arrived on location just as the NVA were initiating a strong attack on the north, south and east sides of our perimeter. This attack was the strongest attacked we received during our stay on the hill. I radioed the FAC and told him what was going on. He said he could get Spooky and fast movers here in 30 minutes and would help adjust artillery fire.

    I adjusted the artillery fire from the big mountain to the sides of the hill to try to blunt the NVA ground attack. Some of the Scouts from the west side of the perimeter were moved to the middle of the perimeter to act as a reactionary force incase help was needed anywhere along the perimeter.

    About this time, the NVA jammed the advisory team main radio frequency by playing Vietnamese music over an open handset. The main frequency was unusable. I switched to our alternate frequency and within an hour, the NVA had found and jammed that frequency also. We were without radio communications. The Scout Company Commander said the NVA were jamming his frequency also. The other advisor and I had destroyed our SOI’s because of the imminent danger of our position being overrun. The SOI was a small soft cover booklet we carried that contained radio communication codes used to keep messages secret, friendly unit radio frequencies and call signs and other secret information that would be disastrous if it fell into NVA hands.

    I was on the radio turning the radio frequency dials trying to establish contact with a friendly unit. Eventually I did make contact with a maintenance unit out of Pleiku to the south. It was difficult to convince them that I was legitimate, but eventually they did start relaying messages for me and with their help, we were able to setup new main and alternate frequencies. Before long, though the NVA did discover our new main frequency and jam it but they did not discover or jam our alternate frequency.

    The NVA were hitting us with everything they had. This was the big one, kind of like do or die for the NVA. All around our perimeter the Scouts were holding their ground but the pressure was intense. Ammunition was becoming critically low and the Scouts were forced to fire on single shot to make every round count.

    The NVA were hitting my side of the perimeter extremely hard. I radioed the FAC and he said he had a good view of what was going on below and would handle the artillery. I turned my full attention to the NVA advancing up the hill.

    I wrote a poem that describes the next two hours of so of the battle better than I can with words. Here is that poem:

    Shapes

    Oh my God, they're coming again!
    I'm so very scared…I don't want to die!

    I look over the lip of my hole and see
    the gray floating shapes below
    shapes moving from tree to tree
    shapes moving up the hill
    shapes moving to kill me
    shapes moving to take away my dreams

    I raise my rifle and aim at a floating shape below
    now closer…now more clear
    I pull the trigger and a shape falls to the ground
    grasping at itself

    Other shapes…clearer still are coming at me
    shooting at me
    throwing grenades at me
    coming for me

    I can see the smoke from the barrels of their rifles
    feel the closeness of the passing bullets
    the concussion of their exploding grenades
    the screech of passing rockets
    the wail of their trumpets
    the shriek of their whistles

    I'm screaming and shaking with fear
    but I aim carefully at shapes below
    pulling the trigger…over and over again

    Can't miss…almost out of ammo
    can't miss…can't waste a round
    there are shapes everywhere
    so many shapes
    God help me

    I squeeze the trigger but nothing happens
    Oh God - I'm out of ammo!!!
    I pull the magazine from my rifle and reach for another
    I search and can't find one…panic, panic, panic
    I find one…my last, and jerk it into place
    Aim and fire, aim and fire and fire and fire
    more shapes falling to the ground
    bodies everywhere
    death is all around me.

    Shapes are coming
    shapes everywhere
    shapes coming at me
    so many shapes

    Help me!!

    We were extremely short of ammunition and luckily a resupply chopper was en route to our position. Spooky had not yet arrived but the fast movers had and the FAC had them busy blasting the side of the big mountain and likely approaches to our perimeter.

    The resupply chopper arrived and had to kick its load out as he flew over at a high rate of speed. The fire this chopper received was intense but he hovered just enough so most of his load landed inside our perimeter. Luckily, he was loaded with ammunition and wounded Scouts gathered and passed the ammo out to the Scouts on the perimeter. We had hope, thanks to this chopper pilot!!

    The NVA were breaking into our perimeter at various locations and the reactionary force went after and killed those that made it inside the perimeter. They also took up positions where needed along the perimeter. There were new NVA dead and wounded all over the hill and inside our perimeter. I radioed the FAC and had him bring in the artillery fire “danger close” to our perimeter. We were in serious danger of being overrun. The artillery fire was nearly falling inside our perimeter but it was raising hell with the NVA attack. After some time Spooky arrived on the scene. Spooky was immediately given the task of blasting the sides of our hill with his miniguns. The artillery fire was stopped while Spooky did his thing.
    The Scout carrying the radio for the XO was hit in the head and killed but before he died his blood covered the bottom of our hole in the roots. As the battle progressed, we in the hole were covered in that poor soldier’s blood.

    While the attack was at its heaviest, a B52 strike occurred on a neighboring ridge line, far closer to us than would normally be allowed. The result of the exploding bombs was incredible. The ground moved from side to side like in a huge earthquake and the oxygen in the air was drawn to the explosions making it difficult to breath.

    The arrival of Spooky seemed to change our fate by blunting the NVA attack on our hill with his miniguns. As the NVA withdrew, Spooky blasted likely avenues of withdrawal. We on the top of the hill were still receiving heavy fire from the big mountain and the fast movers went to work on the mountain. It was late afternoon and the attack was basically over. The cries of the wounded from both sides was horrible. I pretended not to see as NVA wounded inside the perimeter were shot. This was the only time I ever saw the Scouts kill wounded NVA. For the Scouts, walking wounded remained at positions on the perimeter and the dead and those that could not fight were moved to positions in the middle of the perimeter.
    The Scouts I observed looked almost like zombies, functioning but shell-shocked and extremely exhausted. I assumed I looked the same. I knew I felt like it. Ammunition from the dead and non-functioning wounded was gathered and spread out among the Scouts on the perimeter.

    Spooky and the fast movers continued to blast possible locations for the NVA but our position was quiet. The Scout Company Commander received a call on the radio from the 403rd Company stating that they were attempting to move to our location. A dust off chopper tried to hover over our location to try to hoist out wounded but was driven off by NVA fire. The NVA were still around and if we wanted to get our wounded and dead out we would have to move to an area where we could secure an LZ.
    Another resupply chopper arrived at our location accompanied by gunships. The gunships worked over the sides of hill while the resupply chopper hovered as best he could and dropped his load of supplies.
    The resupply included cases of C-rations and water. The C-rats and water were handed to the Scouts with some set aside for the 403rd Company.

    Afternoon was turning to dusk and Spooky had to leave to refuel as did the FAC. The fast movers had all ready left. The Scout Company Commander received a radio call from the 403rd Company to hold fire as they were close. Shortly yells from the down at the base of the hill on my side of the perimeter, were heard followed by cheers and yells from the Scouts on the hill. The 403rd had arrived. The 403rd Company moved up the hill in single file and into the perimeter, their dead and wounded on makeshift stretchers. The 403rd Company had suffered eight killed and fifteen wounded. The wounded and dead were added to the dead and wounded of the 406th Company. The remaining water, food and ammunition were given to the Scouts of the 403rd Company as they moved into defensive positions on the west and north sides of the perimeter. The 406th Company Scouts occupied positions on the east and south sides of the perimeter. Dust turned into night and NVA mortar rounds were again falling inside the perimeter. I directed artillery fire onto likely firing locations of the mortars. The rate of incoming mortar rounds was decreased but occasional mortar rounds continued to fall inside the perimeter throughout the night. We did receive a couple of ground probes and a heavier attack on the north side of the perimeter but the Scouts drove them off. It was time to get out of here.

    Our ordeal with elements of the 24th NVA Regiment had been the catalyst for a much larger battle involving both South Vietnamese and US forces. Two battalions of the ARVN 42d Regiment, a battalion of the US 4th Division and an element of an ARVN Ranger unit were committed against the NVA. The closest friendlies to our position were the forward elements of the ARVN 42nd Regiment. The sky seemed full of choppers, gunships and planes supporting these units. It was comforting to know that friendly units were out their, battling there way forward towards us.

    The night passed with only an occasional mortar round and most of the Scouts got some well needed sleep, including myself. I was physically and mentally exhausted and very happy to be alive.
    With morning came planning to breakout and reach a friendly position. Operations estimated that the forward elements of the ARVN 42nd Regiment were 2000 very long yards away to the west. The plan was for the two Scout Companies to move in the direction of the friendly unit under a surrounding curtain of artillery fire.
    Helicopter gunships were to work over the terrain in front of us as we moved forward. Fast moverswere to work over the hill after we left and be available if needed. There were certainly enemy units in the intended route as the friendly unit we were to head towards was heavily engaged by the NVA. Before we left, a dustoff chopper tried to hover to take on wounded but was driven off again by heavy small arms fire. The NVA were not giving up.

    We moved out about mid-day, the 406th Company first, interspaced with men from the 403rd for support. Every soldier in the 406th that was physically able carried an end of a makeshift stretcher. We were carrying out all of our dead and wounded. I carried a young Scout with a bullet wound in his abdomen on my back, his legs and arms tied in front of me so I could use my radio and rifle if necessary. Immediately upon leaving the perimeter, the Scouts outside the perimeter came under heavy NVA small arms fire. I moved forward and called in artillery fire on the NVA. The firefight lasted about 20 or 30 minutes with the NVA pulling away. We had more wounded to help. The curtain of hot steel was called for to the front of the Scouts and the breakout continued. As the first half of the Scouts cleared the perimeter, the NVA started to hit us with mortar rounds and some B40 rockets. The helicopter gunships went to work on the mortars and the march continued. Both companies cleared the hill, the ridge that went nowhere, and continued west towards safety. The curtain of steel was called for the sides and rear of our formation and the fast movers blasted the ridge that went nowhere after NVA were seen moving around on the hill.

    We were moving forward slowly, the terrain tough, the artillery screen seemed to be keeping the NVA away. The poor Scout I was carrying was moaning with each slight jar. I could feel that his wound was bleeding again from the warm wetness I could feel on my back. I found a medic and he said there was nothing he could do until we linked up with friendly forces.

    We could tell we were nearing the friendly forces as the sounds of their fire fight with the NVA were becoming much louder. It was nearing mid to late afternoon when the NVA hit us hard with small arm fire on the forward and south sides of our long single file formation. The Scouts returned fire and I adjusted the curtain of artillery fire on the front and south sides to meet the NVA attack. Within minutes, the fire fight was over and we continued moving.

    We could hear that the large firefight the friendlies we were moving toward had been involved in had quieted down to sniper fire. Radio calls were made to advisors with the forward unit of the ARVN 42d Regiment and to the officer in charge of the forward unit and told we were close and to watch their fire. About 30 minutes later the Scouts in the front of our formation made contact with soldiers of the 42d Regiment and we slowly moved into their perimeter. We continued forward until we linked up with the headquarters company of the ARVN 42d Regiment battalion that was attacking the NVA.

    There was a landing zone at this location so we placed the wounded and dead near the LZ were the medics from the Scouts and the headquarters company cared for the wounded. The young Scout I carried on my back was still alive and smiled at me as I helped place him on the ground.

    Dustoff choppers had been called for the wounded and dead and were soon landing in the LZ and then flying away first with the wounded and then the dead. A chopper landed with food and water for the Scouts and ammunition for the battalion of 42d Regiment. When the medevac was over, choppers started arriving to carry the Scouts back to Kontum. Thankfully, an advisor from the 42d Regiment took care of this operation while I a found a place to lie down and rest. I know I started sobbing and the Scout that carried my radio came to where I was and tried to sooth me. I think he understood that the stress of the ordeal was coming out and we hugged each other. We were alive!

    I talked with the 406th Company Commander and he told me 50% of his men were killed or wounded. The 406th Company had started the operation with 77 men, including two officers. Of these 19 had been killed and 21 wounded. Of the wounded, six would eventually die. The 403rd Company had nine killed and 17 wounded. Of these wounded, three would eventually die. What a terrible price and I felt guilty and still do for not being able to do more to protect these wonderful men, my Scouts.
    The NVA paid an extremely high price. There was no way to accurately count their dead but based on what I could physically see, there must have been 250 to 300 dead just around our hill and inside our perimeter. There had to be more NVA dead on the big mountain and in the approaches to our perimeter. In addition, the NVA had to have had an extremely high number of wounded.

    Just as it was getting dark, the 42d Regiment advisor told me the next chopper was going to carry the other advisor, the two Scout Company Commanders, the last three Scouts and myself to Kontum. We loaded on and the chopper rose into the sky and headed north to Kontum. The 406th Company Commander held out his hand to each of us advisors and thanked us for helping most of his company survive the ordeal then he turned and looked out the chopper at the passing terrain, his grief evident. We flew over Kontum and landed in an LZ near the Scouts compound. The remaining Scouts from the two companies were waiting in formation, their families waiting for their husbands and fathers to be released. Some wives of the dead were also waiting and wailing loudly because of their losses. In another group were the wives of the Scouts whose bodies still lay on the big mountain. Their wailing was terrible and did not end. They somehow wanted their husbands bodies found and buried. For days, they continued their wailing and pleading outside of the 406th headquarters.
    The company commanders gave their men rousing speeches and then released them. Sadly, the 406th Company Commander was surrounded by the wailing wives and children of the dead Scouts, still lying on the big mountain. The other advisor and I walked to our jeep; throw our gear in the back and drove to the MACV compound.

    It was over!

    © Charles Schwiderski 11/25/07



 

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  Black #000000 (0,0,0)
  White #FFFFFF (255,255,255)
  Red #FF0000 (255,0,0)
  Lime #00FF00 (0,255,0)
  Blue #0000FF (0,0,255)
  Yellow #FFFF00 (255,255,0)
  Cyan / Aqua #00FFFF (0,255,255)
  Magenta / Fuchsia #FF00FF (255,0,255)
  Silver #C0C0C0 (192,192,192)
  Gray #808080 (128,128,128)
  Maroon #800000 (128,0,0)
  Olive #808000 (128,128,0)
  Green #008000 (0,128,0)
  Purple #800080 (128,0,128)
  Teal #008080 (0,128,128)
  Navy #000080 (0,0,128)

 

Color Color Name Hex Code

#RRGGBB

Decimal Code

R,G,B

  maroon #800000 (128,0,0)
  dark red #8B0000 (139,0,0)
  brown #A52A2A (165,42,42)
  firebrick #B22222 (178,34,34)
  crimson #DC143C (220,20,60)
  red #FF0000 (255,0,0)
  tomato #FF6347 (255,99,71)
  coral #FF7F50 (255,127,80)
  indian red #CD5C5C (205,92,92)
  light coral #F08080 (240,128,128)
  dark salmon #E9967A (233,150,122)
  salmon #FA8072 (250,128,114)
  light salmon #FFA07A (255,160,122)
  orange red #FF4500 (255,69,0)
  dark orange #FF8C00 (255,140,0)
  orange #FFA500 (255,165,0)
  gold #FFD700 (255,215,0)
  dark golden rod #B8860B (184,134,11)
  golden rod #DAA520 (218,165,32)
  pale golden rod #EEE8AA (238,232,170)
  dark khaki #BDB76B (189,183,107)
  khaki #F0E68C (240,230,140)
  olive #808000 (128,128,0)
  yellow #FFFF00 (255,255,0)
  yellow green #9ACD32 (154,205,50)
  dark olive green #556B2F (85,107,47)
  olive drab #6B8E23 (107,142,35)
  lawn green #7CFC00 (124,252,0)
  chart reuse #7FFF00 (127,255,0)
  green yellow #ADFF2F (173,255,47)
  dark green #006400 (0,100,0)
  green #008000 (0,128,0)
  forest green #228B22 (34,139,34)
  lime #00FF00 (0,255,0)
  lime green #32CD32 (50,205,50)
  light green #90EE90 (144,238,144)
  pale green #98FB98 (152,251,152)
  dark sea green #8FBC8F (143,188,143)
  medium spring green #00FA9A (0,250,154)
  spring green #00FF7F (0,255,127)
  sea green #2E8B57 (46,139,87)
  medium aqua marine #66CDAA (102,205,170)
  medium sea green #3CB371 (60,179,113)
  light sea green #20B2AA (32,178,170)
  dark slate gray #2F4F4F (47,79,79)
  teal #008080 (0,128,128)
  dark cyan #008B8B (0,139,139)
  aqua #00FFFF (0,255,255)
  cyan #00FFFF (0,255,255)
  light cyan #E0FFFF (224,255,255)
  dark turquoise #00CED1 (0,206,209)
  turquoise #40E0D0 (64,224,208)
  medium turquoise #48D1CC (72,209,204)
  pale turquoise #AFEEEE (175,238,238)
  aqua marine #7FFFD4 (127,255,212)
  powder blue #B0E0E6 (176,224,230)
  cadet blue #5F9EA0 (95,158,160)
  steel blue #4682B4 (70,130,180)
  corn flower blue #6495ED (100,149,237)
  deep sky blue #00BFFF (0,191,255)
  dodger blue #1E90FF (30,144,255)
  light blue #ADD8E6 (173,216,230)
  sky blue #87CEEB (135,206,235)
  light sky blue #87CEFA (135,206,250)
  midnight blue #191970 (25,25,112)
  navy #000080 (0,0,128)
  dark blue #00008B (0,0,139)
  medium blue #0000CD (0,0,205)
  blue #0000FF (0,0,255)
  royal blue #4169E1 (65,105,225)
  blue violet #8A2BE2 (138,43,226)
  indigo #4B0082 (75,0,130)
  dark slate blue #483D8B (72,61,139)
  slate blue #6A5ACD (106,90,205)
  medium slate blue #7B68EE (123,104,238)
  medium purple #9370DB (147,112,219)
  dark magenta #8B008B (139,0,139)
  dark violet #9400D3 (148,0,211)
  dark orchid #9932CC (153,50,204)
  medium orchid #BA55D3 (186,85,211)
  purple #800080 (128,0,128)
  thistle #D8BFD8 (216,191,216)
  plum #DDA0DD (221,160,221)
  violet #EE82EE (238,130,238)
  magenta / fuchsia #FF00FF (255,0,255)
  orchid #DA70D6 (218,112,214)
  medium violet red #C71585 (199,21,133)
  pale violet red #DB7093 (219,112,147)
  deep pink #FF1493 (255,20,147)
  hot pink #FF69B4 (255,105,180)
  light pink #FFB6C1 (255,182,193)
  pink #FFC0CB (255,192,203)
  antique white #FAEBD7 (250,235,215)
  beige #F5F5DC (245,245,220)
  bisque #FFE4C4 (255,228,196)
  blanched almond #FFEBCD (255,235,205)
  wheat #F5DEB3 (245,222,179)
  corn silk #FFF8DC (255,248,220)
  lemon chiffon #FFFACD (255,250,205)
  light golden rod yellow #FAFAD2 (250,250,210)
  light yellow #FFFFE0 (255,255,224)
  saddle brown #8B4513 (139,69,19)
  sienna #A0522D (160,82,45)
  chocolate #D2691E (210,105,30)
  peru #CD853F (205,133,63)
  sandy brown #F4A460 (244,164,96)
  burly wood #DEB887 (222,184,135)
  tan #D2B48C (210,180,140)
  rosy brown #BC8F8F (188,143,143)
  moccasin #FFE4B5 (255,228,181)
  navajo white #FFDEAD (255,222,173)
  peach puff #FFDAB9 (255,218,185)
  misty rose #FFE4E1 (255,228,225)
  lavender blush #FFF0F5 (255,240,245)
  linen #FAF0E6 (250,240,230)
  old lace #FDF5E6 (253,245,230)
  papaya whip #FFEFD5 (255,239,213)
  sea shell #FFF5EE (255,245,238)
  mint cream #F5FFFA (245,255,250)
  slate gray #708090 (112,128,144)
  light slate gray #778899 (119,136,153)
  light steel blue #B0C4DE (176,196,222)
  lavender #E6E6FA (230,230,250)
  floral white #FFFAF0 (255,250,240)
  alice blue #F0F8FF (240,248,255)
  ghost white #F8F8FF (248,248,255)
  honeydew #F0FFF0 (240,255,240)
  ivory #FFFFF0 (255,255,240)
  azure #F0FFFF (240,255,255)
  snow #FFFAFA (255,250,250)
  black #000000 (0,0,0)
  dim gray / dim grey #696969 (105,105,105)
  gray / grey #808080 (128,128,128)
  dark gray / dark grey #A9A9A9 (169,169,169)
  silver #C0C0C0 (192,192,192)
  light gray / light grey #D3D3D3 (211,211,211)
  gainsboro #DCDCDC (220,220,220)
  white smoke #F5F5F5 (245,245,245)
  white #FFFFFF (255,255,255)

 

http://www.rapidtables.com/web/color/RGB_Color.htm – —

 

RGB color codes chart

                                                                             
                                                                             
                             
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
                         
Hex:   #    
   
   
   


 

Après Toi
Vicky Leandros
Luxembourg - Eurovision 1972


    Après Toi - Nhạc và lời:
    Mario Panas & Klaus Munro và Yves Dessca
    Trình bày: Thanh Lan (Pre 1975)
       title=

      Après Toi

      Tu t'en vas,
      L'amour a pour toi.
      Le sourire d'une autre
      Je voudrais mais ne peux t'en vouloir
      Désormais
      Tu vas m'oublier
      Ce n'est pas de ta faute
      Et pourtant tu dois savoir.

      Qu'après toi,
      Je ne pourrai plus vivre, non plus vivre
      Qu'en souvenir de toi
      Après toi
      J'aurai les yeux humides
      Les mains vides, le cœur sans joie.
      Avec toi,
      J'avais appris à rire
      Et mes rires ne viennent que par toi
      Après toi je ne serai que l'ombre
      De ton ombre
      Après toi...

      Même une jour si je fais ma vie
      Si je tiens la promesse
      Qui unit peut-être pour toujours
      Après toi
      Je pourrai peut-être
      Donner de ma tendresse
      Mais plus rien de mon amour
      Après toi.

      Je ne pourrai plus vivre, non plus vivre
      Qu'en souvenir de toi
      Après toi
      J'aurai les yeux humides
      Les mains vides, le cœur sans joie
      Avec toi
      J'avais appris à rire
      Et mes rires ne viennent que par toi
      Après toi je ne serai que l'ombre,
      De ton ombre
      Après toi.



      Après Toi – Vắng Bóng Người Yêu
      Thanh Lan (Pre 1975)
      Lời Việt: Phạm Duy 1974


       title=

      Cuộc tình tàn, cuộc tình vắng bóng anh,
      Vắng ánh sáng vắng tháng năm,
      Cuộc tình xanh nào ngờ mối tình mỏng manh.

      Cuộc tình rồi, đành là khuất bóng thôi,
      Với dĩ vãng sẽ lãng đãng trôi,
      Người tình ơi vắng tanh cuộc đời.

      Đời hoang vắng, khi em xin đành mất anh,
      Em đành sống quanh bao nhiêu kỷ niệm long lanh.
      Và khi sáng đôi ta chưa tròn trắng khơi,
      Mõi mòn mắt trong trái tim âm thầm.

      Ngày tươi sáng, khi đôi ta đầy luyến thương,
      Ta cười hát vang ta ôm cuộc đời mênh mang.
      Tình đã chết, nên em như là bóng đêm,
      Đi tìm bóng anh dưới trăng thanh.

      Rồi cuộc đời, cuộc đời sẽ cuốn trôi,
      Với tiếng khóc với tiếng vui.
      Cuộc đời ơi, cuộc đời đọa đày mà thôi.

      Cuộc tình sầu, cuộc đời mãi đớn đau.
      Của những kẻ vẫn mất nhau,
      Người tình đâu, tóc tang một màu.


 

 

 

Phở is a special dish of traditional Vietnamese people

 

Language could be influences, languages become targets for those who want to control others, which is why it's influences.

 

HTML code

Using [&_n_b_s_p_;_ ] sign to make square

[font size="5"]
[span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(0, 255, 0);"]
[&_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ ]
[/span]
[/font]


[font size="5"]     

[font size="6"]     

[font size="7"]     



=============



Try this.

    
#FF0000
[font size="5"]
[span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% #FF0000;"]
[&_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ ]
[/span]
[/font]




    
red
[font size="5"]
[span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% red;"]
[&_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ ]
[/span]
[/font]



    
rgb(255, 0, 0)
[font size="5"]
[span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(255, 0, 0);"]
[&_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ &_n_b_s_p_;_ ]
[/span]
[font]


************************

More examples:


#FF0000


- With this HTML code we tell browser to show maximum of red and no green and no blue. The result is of course pure red color:      rgb(255, 0, 0)



#00FF00
- This HTML code shows just green and no red and blue. The result is:      rgb(0, 255, 0)



#0000FF
- This HTML code shows just blue and no red and green. The result is:      rgb(0, 0, 255)



#FFFF00
- Combination of red and green color gives us yellow:      rgb(255, 255, 0)



#CCEEFF
- Take some red a bit more of green and maximum of blue to get color of sky:      rgb(0, 0, 0)

Have fun!
    

 

************************************************

 

HTML Character Decimal:

1
[font size ="30" color="limegreen";] _&_#_9_6_3_2_;_ [/font]

 

2   
[font size ="6" color="limegreen";] _&_#_8_4_1_4_;_ [/font]

 

3
[font size ="6" color="limegreen";] _&_#_1_1_0_3_4_;_ [/font]

 

=========================================

 

T h y T h v à B i n C


T h y T h v à B i n C


Code:

T h y T h v à B i n C

<font color=#ff0000>T</font>
<font color=#f1280d>h</font>
<font color=#e44f1a>ủ</font>
<font color=#d67428>y</font>
<font color=#bbb543>T</font>
<font color=#aecf50>h</font>
<font color=#a1e35d>ủ</font>
<font color=#86fc78>v</font>
<font color=#78fe86>à</font>
<font color=#5df1a1>B</font>
<font color=#50e1ae>i</font>
<font color=#43ccbb>ể</font>
<font color=#35b2c9>n</font>
<font color=#1a70e4>C</font>
<font color=#0d4bf1>ả</font>



==============================

T h y T h v à B i n C

<br><br><br>
<font color=#ff0000 size="7">T</font>
<font color=#f1280d size="7">h</font>
<font color=#e44f1a size="7">ủ</font>
<font color=#d67428 size="7">y</font>
<font color=#bbb543 size="7">T</font>
<font color=#aecf50 size="7">h</font>
<font color=#a1e35d size="7">ủ</font>
<font color=#86fc78 size="6">v</font>
<font color=#78fe86 size="6">à</font>
<font color=#5df1a1 size="5">B</font>
<font color=#50e1ae size="5">i</font>
<font color=#43ccbb size="5">ể</font>
<font color=#35b2c9 size="5">n</font>
<font color=#1a70e4 size="5">C</font>
<font color=#0d4bf1 size="5">ả</font>




T h y T h v à B i n C
Rainbow Text
http://www.glitter-graphics.com/



*********************************

 

 

Emoji Encodings
http://www.iemoji.com/view/emoji/680/people/pouch

 

Unicode Characters in the Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs Block
http://www.fileformat.info/info/unicode/block/miscellaneous_symbols_and_pictographs/list.htm

 

Segoe UI Symbol
http://www.kreativekorp.com/charset/font.php?font=Cambria

 

Unicode Characters-Geometric Shapes
http://graphemica.com/blocks/geometric-shapes

 

http://graphemica.com/%E2%97%BE

 

=========================================

 


1
Colors Picker
http://www.w3schools.com/colors/colors_picker.asp


2
HTML Tutorial
http://www.w3schools.com/html/default.asp


3
color RGB
http://www.rapidtables.com/web/color/RGB_Color.htm


4
Color Wheel Chart
http://www.rapidtables.com/web/color/color-wheel.htm 


5
Color Brewer
http://colorbrewer2.org/ 

 

7
Bảng màu Pantone
🔴 ⃝ Pantone Metallic 876 C

http://rgb.to/pantone/2315-u

http://rgb.to/brown

 

 

8
HTML Colors Tutorial
http://www.w3schools.com/html/html_colors.asp


9
RAL colours to Pantone, CMYK, RGB...
https://rgb.to/ral/page/1


10
5465 Available keywords
https://rgb.to/keywords/1


try this

Ghé Bến Sài Gòn
Ghé Bến Sài Gòn
Ghé Bến Sài Gòn
Ghé Bến Sài Gòn
Salut tout le monde
Salut tout le monde
Salut tout le monde
Salut tout le monde




► Hello World
► Hello World
► Hello World
► Hello World

[div style="background-color:#FFF333"] [font color="#000099"][b]Ghé Bến Sài Gòn[/b][/font][/div]

 

Thủ Đô Sài Gòn

Thủ Đô Sài Gòn

Thủ Đô Sài Gòn

Thủ Đô Sài Gòn


[h1 style="color:#000099"]Thủ Đô Sài Gòn [/h1]

Áp dụng ký hiệu < > này khi thực tập các bài tập.
Ký hiệu này [ ] chỉ dùng để trình bày và hướng dẫn cách thực hành.

Have fun!     



[font size="9"]
[span style="background:none repeat scroll 0% 0% aquamarine;"]
&-n-b-s-p-;
&-n-b-s-p-;
&-n-b-s-p-;
&-n-b-s-p-;
[/span]
[/font]

 

 

Colors - RAL


The RAL Color Standard

RAL is used for defining standard colors for paint and coatings.

It is one of the most popular European color standard used today.

The colors are used in architecture, construction, industry and road safety.

Kiến Trúc Sư, nhà vẽ kiểu mẫu quần áo, nhà vẽ mẫu các kiểu đồ dùng, nhà vẽ mẫu thiết kế trang trí nội thất, các thầu xây dựng đường xá nơi công cộng đều dùng những nhóm màu RAL này.



RAL Signal Colors

Color Name
(1003) w3-signal-yellow
(2010) w3-signal-orange
(3001) w3-signal-red
(4008) w3-signal-violet
(5005) w3-signal-blue
(6032) w3-signal-green
(7004) w3-signal-grey
(8002) w3-signal-brown
(9003) w3-signal-white
(9004) w3-signal-black

The numbers in parentheses are references to the RAL Color Standard.

The hex values are non official approximate values intended to simulate signal colors in HTML.

Example

<div style="color:#fff;background-color:#a02128">STOP</div>

<div style="color:#fff;background-color:#d4652f">WAIT</div>

<div style="color:#fff;background-color:#317f43">GO</div>

RAL Traffic Colors

Color Name
(1023) w3-traffic-yellow
(2009) w3-traffic-orange
(3020) w3-traffic-red
(4006) w3-traffic-purple
(6024) w3-traffic-green
(5017) w3-traffic-blue
(7042) w3-traffic-grey
(9017) w3-traffic-white
(9018) w3-traffic-black


Info! This listing displays a review of colors according the Classic RAL System.

RAL is used for information defining standard colors for paint and coatings and is the most popular Central European Color Standard used today.

The RAL Colors are used in architecture, construction, industry and road safety (traffic signals, for instance).

RAL Classic System is mainly used for varnish and powder coating but nowadays there are reference panels for plastics and other materials as well.

You can link to any RAL Color in this site using an URL in the following format:

http://rgb.to/ral/page/1



#003366 #336699 #3366CC #003399#000099#0000CC#000066#006666#006699#0099CC#0066CC#0033CC#0000FF#3333FF#333399#669999#009999#33CCCC#00CCFF#0099FF#0066FF#3366FF#3333CC#666699#339966#00CC99#00FFCC#00FFFF#33CCFF#3399FF#6699FF#6666FF#6600FF#6600CC#339933#00CC66#00FF99#66FFCC#66FFFF#66CCFF#99CCFF#9999FF#9966FF#9933FF#9900FF#006600#00CC00#00FF00#66FF99#99FFCC#CCFFFF#CCCCFF#CC99FF#CC66FF#CC33FF#CC00FF#9900CC#003300#009933#33CC33#66FF66#99FF99#CCFFCC#FFFFFF#FFCCFF#FF99FF#FF66FF#FF00FF#CC00CC#660066#336600#009900#66FF33#99FF66#CCFF99#FFFFCC#FFCCCC#FF99CC#FF66CC#FF33CC#CC0099#993399#333300#669900#99FF33#CCFF66#FFFF99#FFCC99#FF9999#FF6699#FF3399#CC3399#990099#666633#99CC00#CCFF33#FFFF66#FFCC66#FF9966#FF6666#FF0066#CC6699#993366#999966#CCCC00#FFFF00#FFCC00#FF9933#FF6600#FF5050#CC0066#660033#996633#CC9900#FF9900#CC6600#FF3300#FF0000#CC0000#990033#663300#996600#CC3300#993300#990000#800000#993333




RAL Colors


The numbers in parentheses are references to the RAL Color Standard.

The hex values are non official approximate values intended to simulate traffic colors in HTML.

RAL Colors
Number Hex Color Name
RAL 1000 #CCC58F Green beige
RAL 1001 #D1BC8A Beige
RAL 1002 #D2B773 Sand yellow
RAL 1003 #F7BA0B Signal yellow
RAL 1004 #E2B007 Golden yellow
RAL 1005 #C89F04 Honey yellow
RAL 1006 #E1A100 Maize yellow
RAL 1007 #E79C00 Daffodil yellow
RAL 1011 #AF8A54 Brown beige
RAL 1012 #D9C022 Lemon yellow
RAL 1013 #E9E5CE Oyster white
RAL 1014 #DFCEA1 Ivory
RAL 1015 #EADEBD Light ivory
RAL 1016 #EAF044 Sulfur yellow
RAL 1017 #F4B752 Saffron yellow
RAL 1018 #F3E03B Zinc yellow
RAL 1019 #A4957D Grey beige
RAL 1020 #9A9464 Olive yellow
RAL 1021 #EEC900 Rape yellow
RAL 1023 #F0CA00 traffic yellow
RAL 1024 #B89C50 Ochre yellow
RAL 1026 #F5FF00 Luminous yellow
RAL 1027 #A38C15 Curry
RAL 1028 #FFAB00 Melon yellow
RAL 1032 #DDB20F Broom yellow
RAL 1033 #FAAB21 Dahlia yellow
RAL 1034 #EDAB56 Pastel yellow
RAL 1035 #A29985 Pearl beige
RAL 1036 #927549 Pearl gold
RAL 1037 #EEA205 Sun yellow
RAL 2000 #DD7907 Yellow orange
RAL 2001 #BE4E20 Red orange
RAL 2002 #C63927 Vermillion
RAL 2003 #FA842B Pastel orange
RAL 2004 #E75B12 Pure orange
RAL 2005 #FF2300 Luminous orange
RAL 2007 #FFA421 Luminous bright orange
RAL 2008 #F3752C Bright red orange
RAL 2009 #E15501 traffic orange
RAL 2010 #D4652F Signal orange
RAL 2011 #EC7C25 Deep orange
RAL 2012 #DB6A50 Salmon orange
RAL 2013 #954527 Pearl orange
RAL 3000 #AB2524 Flame red
RAL 3001 #A02128 Signal red
RAL 3002 #A1232B Carmine red
RAL 3003 #8D1D2C Ruby red
RAL 3004 #701F29 Purple red
RAL 3005 #5E2028 Wine red
RAL 3007 #402225 Black red
RAL 3009 #703731 Oxide red
RAL 3011 #7E292C Brown red
RAL 3012 #CB8D73 Beige red
RAL 3013 #9C322E Tomato red
RAL 3014 #D47479 Antique pink
RAL 3015 #E1A6AD Light pink
RAL 3016 #AC4034 Coral red
RAL 3017 #D3545F Rose
RAL 3018 #D14152 Strawberry red
RAL 3020 #C1121C traffic red
RAL 3022 #D56D56 Salmon pink
RAL 3024 #F70000 Luminous red
RAL 3026 #FF0000 Luminous bright red
RAL 3027 #B42041 Raspberry red
RAL 3028 #E72512 Pure red
RAL 3031 #AC323B Orient red
RAL 3032 #711521 Pearl ruby red
RAL 3033 #B24C43 Pearl pink
RAL 4001 #8A5A83 Red lilac
RAL 4002 #933D50 Red violet
RAL 4003 #D15B8F Heather violet
RAL 4004 #691639 Claret violet
RAL 4005 #83639D Blue lilac
RAL 4006 #992572 Traffic purple
RAL 4007 #4A203B Purple violet
RAL 4008 #904684 Signal violet
RAL 4009 #A38995 Pastel violet
RAL 4010 #C63678 Telemagenta
RAL 4011 #8773A1 Pearl violet
RAL 4012 #6B6880 Pearl blackberry
RAL 5000 #384C70 Violet blue
RAL 5001 #1F4764 Green blue
RAL 5002 #2B2C7C Ultramarine blue
RAL 5003 #2A3756 Sapphire blue
RAL 5004 #1D1F2A Black blue
RAL 5005 #154889 Signal blue
RAL 5007 #41678D Brilliant blue
RAL 5008 #313C48 Grey blue
RAL 5009 #2E5978 Azure blue
RAL 5010 #13447C Gentian blue
RAL 5011 #232C3F Steel blue
RAL 5012 #3481B8 Light blue
RAL 5013 #232D53 Cobalt blue
RAL 5014 #6C7C98 Pigeon blue
RAL 5015 #2874B2 Sky blue
RAL 5017 #0E518D Traffic blue
RAL 5018 #21888F Turquoise blue
RAL 5019 #1A5784 Capri blue
RAL 5020 #0B4151 Ocean blue
RAL 5021 #07737A Water blue
RAL 5022 #2F2A5A Night blue
RAL 5023 #4D668E Distant blue
RAL 5024 #6A93B0 Pastel blue
RAL 5025 #296478 Pearl Gentian blue
RAL 5026 #102C54 Pearl night blue
RAL 6000 #327662 Patina green
RAL 6001 #28713E Emerald green
RAL 6002 #276235 Leaf green
RAL 6003 #4B573E Olive Green
RAL 6004 #0E4243 Blue green
RAL 6005 #0F4336 Moss green
RAL 6006 #40433B Grey olive
RAL 6007 #283424 Bottle green
RAL 6008 #35382E Brown green
RAL 6009 #26392F Fir green
RAL 6010 #3E753B Grass green
RAL 6011 #68825B Reseda green
RAL 6012 #31403D Black green
RAL 6013 #797C5A Reed green
RAL 6014 #444337 Yellow olive
RAL 6015 #3D403A Black olive
RAL 6016 #026A52 Turquoise green
RAL 6017 #468641 May green
RAL 6018 #48A43F Yellow green
RAL 6019 #B7D9B1 pastel green
RAL 6020 #354733 Chrome green
RAL 6021 #86A47C Pale green
RAL 6022 #3E3C32 Brown olive
RAL 6024 #008754 Traffic green
RAL 6025 #53753C Fern green
RAL 6026 #005D52 Opal green
RAL 6027 #81C0BB Light green
RAL 6028 #2D5546 Pine green
RAL 6029 #007243 Mint green
RAL 6032 #0F8558 Signal green
RAL 6033 #478A84 Mint turquoise
RAL 6034 #7FB0B2 Pastel turquoise
RAL 6035 #1B542C Pearl green
RAL 6036 #005D4C Pearl opal green
RAL 6037 #25E712 Pure green
RAL 6038 #00F700 Luminous green
RAL 7000 #7E8B92 Squirrel grey
RAL 7001 #8F999F Silver grey
RAL 7002 #817F68 Olive grey
RAL 7003 #7A7B6D Moss grey
RAL 7004 #9EA0A1 Signal grey
RAL 7005 #6B716F Mouse grey
RAL 7006 #756F61 Beige grey
RAL 7008 #746643 Khaki grey
RAL 7009 #5B6259 Green grey
RAL 7010 #575D57 Tarpaulin grey
RAL 7011 #555D61 Iron grey
RAL 7012 #596163 Basalt grey
RAL 7013 #555548 Brown-grey also

NATO-olive, Stone-grey-olive

RAL 7015 #51565C Slate grey
RAL 7016 #373F43 Anthracite grey
RAL 7021 #2E3234 Black grey
RAL 7022 #4B4D46 Umbra grey
RAL 7023 #818479 Concrete grey
RAL 7024 #474A50 Graphite grey
RAL 7026 #374447 Granite grey
RAL 7030 #939388 Stone grey
RAL 7031 #5D6970 Blue grey
RAL 7032 #B9B9A8 Pebble grey
RAL 7033 #818979 Cement grey
RAL 7034 #939176 Yellow grey
RAL 7035 #CBD0CC Light grey
RAL 7036 #9A9697 Platinum grey
RAL 7037 #7C7F7E Dusty grey
RAL 7038 #B4B8B0 Agate grey
RAL 7039 #6B695F Quartz grey
RAL 7040 #9DA3A6 Window grey
RAL 7042 #8F9695 Traffic grey A
RAL 7043 #4E5451 Traffic grey B
RAL 7044 #BDBDB2 Silk grey
RAL 7045 #91969A Telegrey 1
RAL 7046 #82898E Telegrey 2
RAL 7047 #CFD0CF Telegrey 4
RAL 7048 #888175 Pearl mouse grey
RAL 8000 #887142 Green brown
RAL 8001 #9C6B30 Ochre brown
RAL 8002 #7B5141 Signal brown
RAL 8003 #80542F Clay brown
RAL 8004 #8F4E35 Copper brown
RAL 8007 #6F4A2F Fawn brown
RAL 8008 #6F4F28 Olive brown
RAL 8011 #5A3A29 Nut brown
RAL 8012 #673831 Red brown
RAL 8014 #49392D Sepia brown
RAL 8015 #633A34 Chestnut brown
RAL 8016 #4C2F26 Mahogany brown
RAL 8017 #44322D Chocolate brown
RAL 8019 #3F3A3A Grey brown
RAL 8022 #211F20 Black brown
RAL 8023 #A65E2F Orange brown
RAL 8024 #79553C Beige brown
RAL 8025 #755C49 Pale brown
RAL 8028 #4E3B2B Terra brown
RAL 8029 #773C27 Pearl copper
RAL 9001 #EFEBDC Cream
RAL 9002 #DDDED4 Grey white
RAL 9003 #F4F8F4 Signal white
RAL 9004 #2E3032 Signal black
RAL 9005 #0A0A0D Jet black
RAL 9006 #A5A8A6 White aluminum
RAL 9007 #8F8F8C Grey aluminum
RAL 9010 #F7F9EF Pure white
RAL 9011 #292C2F Graphite black
RAL 9016 #F7FBF5 Traffic white
RAL 9017 #2A2D2F Traffic black
RAL 9018 #CFD3CD Papyrus white
RAL 9022 #9C9C9C Pearl light grey
RAL 9023 #7E8182 Pearl dark grey

Source: RAL Color



STOP
WAIT
GO

[div style="color:#fff;background-color:#a02128"] STOP [/div]
[div style="color:#fff;background-color:#d4652f"] WAIT [/div]
[div style="color:#fff;background-color:#317f43"] GO [/div]


Use these < > sign and ommit these [ ]. These [ ] only use to demo during intruction

Áp dụng ký hiệu < > này khi thực tập các bài tập.
Ký hiệu này [ ] chỉ dùng để trình bày và hướng dẫn cách thực hành.


link to RAL Color: HTML Colors Tutorial
http://www.w3schools.com/colors/colors_ral.asp